A randomized controlled trial of panretinal photocoagulation with and without intravitreal ranibizumab in treatment-naive eyes with non-high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy

PURPOSE:: To compare the efficacy of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and intravitreal ranibizumab injection with PRP alone in patients with treatment-naive bilateral non-high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS:: Sixty eyes of 30 patients were randomized either to the study group (SG) receiving PRP plus 2 ranibizumab injections or to the control group (CG) receiving PRP alone. Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity and in optical coherence tomography were compared at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS:: Best-corrected visual acuity was significantly better at 6 months in the SG; however, there was decrease in best-corrected visual acuity in the CG. Central macula thickness decreased significantly at 6 months in SG when compared with baseline (-47.6 μm, P < 0.001) and did not reveal significant difference in the CG. In eyes with diabetic macular edema, best-corrected visual acuity increased by 3.6 letters (P = 0.06) in the SG and decreased by 4.4 letters in the CG (P = 0.003). Central macula thickness decreased by 69.3 μm (P = 0.001) in the SG and decreased by 45.5 μm (P = 0.11) in the CG. CONCLUSION:: Intravitreal ranibizumab in combination with PRP can be an effective treatment in eyes with non-high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.