Abstract
The ubiquitous neuromodulator adenosine inhibits the production of several proinflammatory cytokines through activation of specific cell-surface adenosine receptors. We demonstrated recently that antisense oligonucleotides to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are neuroprotective in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of adenosine receptors would provide protection against intracerebral hemorrhage-induced TNF-α production and inflammatory events. In vitro experiments showed that adenosine A1, A2A, and A3 receptor subtypes were present on U937 cells, and activation of these subtypes inhibited TNF-α production with a rank order of A2A > > A1 > A3. Prolonged treatment of U937 cells with the A2A receptor agonist 2-p-(carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride (CGS 21680) desensitized adenosine A2A, A1, and A3 receptors. CGS 21680 administration directly into the striatum immediately prior to the induction of intracerebral hemorrhage inhibited TNF-α mRNA and, 24 hours following induction, reduced parenchymal neutrophil infiltration (p < 0.001) and TUNEL-positive cells (p < 0.002) within and bordering the hematoma. These results suggest that pharmacological strategies targeting A2A receptors may provide effective inhibition of acute neurotoxic proinflammatory events that occur following intracerebral hemorrhage.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 727-735 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Annals of Neurology |
Volume | 49 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2001 |
Externally published | Yes |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Neurology
- Clinical Neurology