TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in the Experimental Models of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders
AU - Sil, Susmita
AU - Periyasamy, Palsamy
AU - Thangaraj, Annadurai
AU - Niu, Fang
AU - Chemparathy, Divya T.
AU - Buch, Shilpa
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by NIH NIDA, grant numbers MH112848, DA050545, DA044586, DA040397, DA047156, DA043138, DA052266, and AG069541. The support by CHAIN (Chronic HIV infection and Aging in NeuroAIDS) Center grant (MH062261) and NCSAR (Nebraska Center for Substance Abuse Research) is also highly acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Purpose of Review: Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in HIV-1 infection is commonly associated with neurological disorders and cognitive impairment, commonly referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Severe and progressive neurocognitive impairment is rarely observed in the post-cART era; however, asymptomatic and mild neurocognitive disorders still exist, despite viral suppression. Additionally, comorbid conditions can also contribute to the pathogenesis of HAND. Recent Findings: In this review, we summarize the characterization of HAND, factors contributing, and the functional impairments in both preclinical and clinical models. Specifically, we also discuss recent advances in the animal models of HAND and in in vitro cultures and the potential role of drugs of abuse in this model system of HAND. Potential peripheral biomarkers associated with HAND are also discussed. Summary: Overall, this review identifies some of the recent advances in the field of HAND in cell culture studies, animal models, clinical findings, and the limitations of each model system, which can play a key role in developing novel therapeutics in the field.
AB - Purpose of Review: Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in HIV-1 infection is commonly associated with neurological disorders and cognitive impairment, commonly referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Severe and progressive neurocognitive impairment is rarely observed in the post-cART era; however, asymptomatic and mild neurocognitive disorders still exist, despite viral suppression. Additionally, comorbid conditions can also contribute to the pathogenesis of HAND. Recent Findings: In this review, we summarize the characterization of HAND, factors contributing, and the functional impairments in both preclinical and clinical models. Specifically, we also discuss recent advances in the animal models of HAND and in in vitro cultures and the potential role of drugs of abuse in this model system of HAND. Potential peripheral biomarkers associated with HAND are also discussed. Summary: Overall, this review identifies some of the recent advances in the field of HAND in cell culture studies, animal models, clinical findings, and the limitations of each model system, which can play a key role in developing novel therapeutics in the field.
KW - Drug abuse
KW - HAND
KW - HIV
KW - Neurodegeneration
KW - Synaptodendritic injury
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U2 - 10.1007/s11904-021-00570-1
DO - 10.1007/s11904-021-00570-1
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34427869
AN - SCOPUS:85113380256
SN - 1548-3568
VL - 18
SP - 459
EP - 474
JO - Current HIV/AIDS Reports
JF - Current HIV/AIDS Reports
IS - 5
ER -