TY - JOUR
T1 - An epidemiological synthesis of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease threats in Cameroon, 2000–2022
T2 - a systematic review
AU - Tahmo, Nancy B.
AU - Wirsiy, Frankline Sevidzem
AU - Nnamdi, Dum Buo
AU - Tongo, Marcel
AU - Lawler, James V.
AU - Broadhurst, M. Jana
AU - Wondji, Charles S.
AU - Brett-Major, David M.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the health area staff and health district officers of Abong-Mbang, Ambam, Bankim, Kribi, Massamgam, Mbalmayo, and Yokadouma health districts for their comments that contributed to the development of this review article. We thank our colleagues at Centre Pasteur in Cameroon (CPC), the Military Health Research Center (CRESAR), CDC Cameroon, and the National Zoonoses Program in Cameroon, who provided some insight into identifying data sources. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of these institutions or the authors’ affiliations. Funding source: This work was supported by the University of Nebraska Medical Center Vice Chancellor for Research Start, College of Public Health Suzanne and Ward Chambers Summer Global Health Fellowship Award, United States, and the Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID) Cameroon. Ethical approval: No ethical approval was required. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funding Information:
Funding source: This work was supported by the University of Nebraska Medical Center Vice Chancellor for Research Start, College of Public Health Suzanne and Ward Chambers Summer Global Health Fellowship Award, United States, and the Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID) Cameroon.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Introduction: Population factors such as urbanization, socio-economic, and environmental factors are driving forces for emerging/re-emerging zoonotic diseases in Cameroon. To inform preparedness and prioritization efforts, this study mapped out epidemiological data (including prevalence) of zoonotic diseases occurring in Cameroon between 2000 and 2022 by demographic factors. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022333059). Independent reviewers searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Scopus databases on May 30, 2022 for relevant articles; duplicates were removed, and the titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened to identify eligible articles. Results: Out of 4142 articles identified, 64 eligible articles were retrieved in the database search and an additional 12 from the cited literature (N = 76). Thirty-five unique zoonoses (viral, bacterial, and parasitic) were indexed, including Cameroon priority zoonoses: anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, Ebola and Marburg virus disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, and rabies. The number of studies varied by region, ranging from 12 in the Far North to 32 in the Centre Region. The most reported were as follows: brucellosis (random-effects pooled estimate proportion (effect size), ES 0.05%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03–0.07; n = 6), dengue (ES 0.13%, 95% CI 0.06–0.22; n = 12), avian and swine influenza virus (ES 0.10%, 95% CI 0.04–0.20; n = 8), and toxoplasmosis (ES 0.49%, 95% CI 0.35–0.63; n = 11), although I2 values were greater than 75%, thus there was high inter-study heterogeneity (P < 0.01). Conclusions: This understanding of the distribution of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic threats in Cameroon is vital to effective preventive and resource prioritization measures.
AB - Introduction: Population factors such as urbanization, socio-economic, and environmental factors are driving forces for emerging/re-emerging zoonotic diseases in Cameroon. To inform preparedness and prioritization efforts, this study mapped out epidemiological data (including prevalence) of zoonotic diseases occurring in Cameroon between 2000 and 2022 by demographic factors. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022333059). Independent reviewers searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Scopus databases on May 30, 2022 for relevant articles; duplicates were removed, and the titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened to identify eligible articles. Results: Out of 4142 articles identified, 64 eligible articles were retrieved in the database search and an additional 12 from the cited literature (N = 76). Thirty-five unique zoonoses (viral, bacterial, and parasitic) were indexed, including Cameroon priority zoonoses: anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, Ebola and Marburg virus disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, and rabies. The number of studies varied by region, ranging from 12 in the Far North to 32 in the Centre Region. The most reported were as follows: brucellosis (random-effects pooled estimate proportion (effect size), ES 0.05%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03–0.07; n = 6), dengue (ES 0.13%, 95% CI 0.06–0.22; n = 12), avian and swine influenza virus (ES 0.10%, 95% CI 0.04–0.20; n = 8), and toxoplasmosis (ES 0.49%, 95% CI 0.35–0.63; n = 11), although I2 values were greater than 75%, thus there was high inter-study heterogeneity (P < 0.01). Conclusions: This understanding of the distribution of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic threats in Cameroon is vital to effective preventive and resource prioritization measures.
KW - Cameroon
KW - Emerging/re-emerging
KW - Preparedness
KW - Surveillance
KW - Zoonosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150934081&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85150934081&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.12.001
DO - 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.12.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37009575
AN - SCOPUS:85150934081
SN - 2772-7076
VL - 7
SP - 84
EP - 109
JO - IJID Regions
JF - IJID Regions
ER -