An update on tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. Since its isolation, much has been learned about the disease; however, social determinants of health, microbiology, and pharmacology keep tuberculosis at the forefront of public health. More than 10 million individuals become ill with tuberculosis every year, and over 1 million of those will die annually. Mycobacteria spread through airborne droplets, therefore tuberculosis affects areas where people have close human contact and is significantly impacted by economic and social disparities. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the more common form of active disease but extrapulmonary dissemination may occur and may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial treatment for tuberculosis may be problematic and the continuous evolution of resistant strains contributing to current and future challenges in management. Continuous funding for research is needed for the development of new antimicrobial agents and tools for its management and prevention.