Antimalarial Dibenzannulated Medium-Ring Keto Lactams

Rongguo Ren, Xiaofang Wang, Derek A. Leas, Christian Scheurer, Sarah Hoevel, Monica Cal, Gong Chen, Longjin Zhong, Kasiram Katneni, Thao Pham, Rahul Patil, Diptesh Sil, Matthias J. Walters, Thomas T. Schulze, Andrew J. Neville, Yuxiang Dong, Sergio Wittlin, Marcel Kaiser, Paul H. Davis, Susan A. CharmanJonathan L. Vennerstrom

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

We discovered dibenzannulated medium-ring keto lactams (11,12-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,g]azonine-6,13-diones) as a new antimalarial chemotype. Most of these had chromatographic LogD7.4 values ranging from <0 to 3 and good kinetic solubilities (12.5 to >100 μg/mL at pH 6.5). The more polar compounds in the series (LogD7.4 values of <2) had the best metabolic stability (CLint values of <50 μL/min/mg protein in human liver microsomes). Most of the compounds had relatively low cytotoxicity, with IC50 values >30 μM, and there was no correlation between antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity. The four most potent compounds had Plasmodium falciparum IC50 values of 4.2 to 9.4 nM and in vitro selectivity indices of 670 to >12,000. They were more than 4 orders-of-magnitude less potent against three other protozoal pathogens (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania donovani) but did have relatively high potency against Toxoplasma gondii, with IC50 values ranging from 80 to 200 nM. These keto lactams are converted into their poorly soluble 4(1H)-quinolone transannular condensation products in vitro in culture medium and in vivo in mouse blood. The similar antiplasmodial potencies of three keto lactam-quinolone pairs suggest that the quinolones likely contribute to the antimalarial activity of the lactams.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1964-1980
Number of pages17
JournalACS infectious diseases
Volume9
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 13 2023

Keywords

  • SAR
  • antimalarial
  • lactams
  • medium rings
  • quinolones

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Infectious Diseases

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