Atrazine and Nitrate in Public Drinking Water Supplies and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Nebraska, USA

Martha G. Rhoades; Jane L. Meza; Cheryl L. Beseler; Patrick J. Shea; Andy Kahle; Julie M. Vose; Kent M. Eskridge; Roy F. Spalding

doi:10.4137/EHI.S10629

Atrazine and Nitrate in Public Drinking Water Supplies and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Nebraska, USA

Martha G. Rhoades, Jane L. Meza, Cheryl L. Beseler, Patrick J. Shea, Andy Kahle, Julie M. Vose, Kent M. Eskridge, Roy F. Spalding

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

27 Scopus citations

Abstract

A secondary analysis of 1999-2002 Nebraska case-control data was conducted to assess the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with exposure to nitrate- and atrazine-contaminated drinking water. Water chemistry data were collected and weighted by well contribution and proximity of residence to water supply, followed by logistic regression to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found no association between NHL risk and exposure to drinking water containing atrazine or nitrate alone. Risk associated with the interaction of nitrate and atrazine in drinking water was elevated (OR, 2.5; CI, 1.0-6.2). Risk of indolent B-cell lymphoma was higher than risk of aggressive B-cell lymphoma (indolent: OR, 3.5; CI, 1.0-11.6 vs. aggressive: OR, 1.9; CI, 0.6-5.58). This increased risk may be due to in vivo formation and subsequent metabolism of N-nitrosoatrazine. A larger study is warranted to confirm our findings.

Original language	English (US)
Journal	Environmental Health Insights
Volume	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.4137/EHI.S10629
State	Published - 2013

Keywords

NHL
atrazine
drinking water
nitrate
nitrosamines

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Pollution
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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10.4137/EHI.S10629

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@article{68e6406ec1cb45e2adbcc95d842fed78,

title = "Atrazine and Nitrate in Public Drinking Water Supplies and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Nebraska, USA",

abstract = "A secondary analysis of 1999-2002 Nebraska case-control data was conducted to assess the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with exposure to nitrate- and atrazine-contaminated drinking water. Water chemistry data were collected and weighted by well contribution and proximity of residence to water supply, followed by logistic regression to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found no association between NHL risk and exposure to drinking water containing atrazine or nitrate alone. Risk associated with the interaction of nitrate and atrazine in drinking water was elevated (OR, 2.5; CI, 1.0-6.2). Risk of indolent B-cell lymphoma was higher than risk of aggressive B-cell lymphoma (indolent: OR, 3.5; CI, 1.0-11.6 vs. aggressive: OR, 1.9; CI, 0.6-5.58). This increased risk may be due to in vivo formation and subsequent metabolism of N-nitrosoatrazine. A larger study is warranted to confirm our findings.",

keywords = "NHL, atrazine, drinking water, nitrate, nitrosamines",

author = "Rhoades, {Martha G.} and Meza, {Jane L.} and Beseler, {Cheryl L.} and Shea, {Patrick J.} and Andy Kahle and Vose, {Julie M.} and Eskridge, {Kent M.} and Spalding, {Roy F.}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was made possible by the subjects participating in the original study. We thank Brian Chiu at the University of Chicago for providing the case control data and the public water supply managers for their assistance in collecting and analyzing the water data. Many thanks to Debbi-Barnes Josiah (Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services) for her review and constructive comments in the preparation of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2013 SAGE Publications.",

year = "2013",

doi = "10.4137/EHI.S10629",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "7",

journal = "Environmental Health Insights",

issn = "1178-6302",

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T1 - Atrazine and Nitrate in Public Drinking Water Supplies and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Nebraska, USA

AU - Rhoades, Martha G.

AU - Meza, Jane L.

AU - Beseler, Cheryl L.

AU - Shea, Patrick J.

AU - Kahle, Andy

AU - Vose, Julie M.

AU - Eskridge, Kent M.

AU - Spalding, Roy F.

N1 - Funding Information: This research was made possible by the subjects participating in the original study. We thank Brian Chiu at the University of Chicago for providing the case control data and the public water supply managers for their assistance in collecting and analyzing the water data. Many thanks to Debbi-Barnes Josiah (Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services) for her review and constructive comments in the preparation of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2013 SAGE Publications.

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - A secondary analysis of 1999-2002 Nebraska case-control data was conducted to assess the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with exposure to nitrate- and atrazine-contaminated drinking water. Water chemistry data were collected and weighted by well contribution and proximity of residence to water supply, followed by logistic regression to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found no association between NHL risk and exposure to drinking water containing atrazine or nitrate alone. Risk associated with the interaction of nitrate and atrazine in drinking water was elevated (OR, 2.5; CI, 1.0-6.2). Risk of indolent B-cell lymphoma was higher than risk of aggressive B-cell lymphoma (indolent: OR, 3.5; CI, 1.0-11.6 vs. aggressive: OR, 1.9; CI, 0.6-5.58). This increased risk may be due to in vivo formation and subsequent metabolism of N-nitrosoatrazine. A larger study is warranted to confirm our findings.

AB - A secondary analysis of 1999-2002 Nebraska case-control data was conducted to assess the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with exposure to nitrate- and atrazine-contaminated drinking water. Water chemistry data were collected and weighted by well contribution and proximity of residence to water supply, followed by logistic regression to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found no association between NHL risk and exposure to drinking water containing atrazine or nitrate alone. Risk associated with the interaction of nitrate and atrazine in drinking water was elevated (OR, 2.5; CI, 1.0-6.2). Risk of indolent B-cell lymphoma was higher than risk of aggressive B-cell lymphoma (indolent: OR, 3.5; CI, 1.0-11.6 vs. aggressive: OR, 1.9; CI, 0.6-5.58). This increased risk may be due to in vivo formation and subsequent metabolism of N-nitrosoatrazine. A larger study is warranted to confirm our findings.

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KW - drinking water

KW - nitrate

KW - nitrosamines

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Atrazine and Nitrate in Public Drinking Water Supplies and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Nebraska, USA

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