TY - JOUR
T1 - Attention/working memory, learning and memory in adult cameroonians
T2 - Normative data, effects of HIV infection and viral genotype
AU - Kanmogne, Georgette D.
AU - Fonsah, Julius Y.
AU - Fonsah, Julius Y.
AU - Umlauf, Anya
AU - Moul, Jacob
AU - Doh, Roland F.
AU - Kengne, Anne M.
AU - Tang, Bin
AU - Tagny, Claude T.
AU - Tagny, Claude T.
AU - Nchindap, Emilienne
AU - Kenmogne, Léopoldine
AU - Franklin, Donald
AU - Njamnshi, Dora M.
AU - Mbanya, Dora
AU - Mbanya, Dora
AU - Njamnshi, Alfred K.
AU - Njamnshi, Alfred K.
AU - Heaton, Robert K.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health MH094160 and the Fogarty International Center. We thank all volunteers who participated in this study. We thank Dr. Mariana Cherner for coordinating the training of Cameroonian psychometrists. We thank Drs. Arpan Acharya, Georges Teto, and the University of Nebraska Medical Center High-Throughput DNA Sequencing and Genotyping Core Facility for assistance with gene sequencing and viral genotyping.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020.
PY - 2020/7/1
Y1 - 2020/7/1
N2 - Objective: There is lack of Cameroonian adult neuropsychological (NP) norms, limited knowledge concerning HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa, and evidence of differential inflammation and disease progression based on viral subtypes. In this study, we developed demographically corrected norms and assessed HIV and viral genotypes effects on attention/working memory (WM), learning, and memory.Method: We administered two tests of attention/WM [Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)-50, Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)-III Spatial Span] and two tests of learning and memory [Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R)] to 347 HIV+ and 395 seronegative adult Cameroonians. We assessed the effects of viral factors on neurocognitive performance.Results: Compared to controls, people living with HIV (PLWH) had significantly lower T-scores on PASAT-50 and attention/WM summary scores, on HVLT-R total learning and learning summary scores, on HVLT-R delayed recall, BVMT-R delayed recall and memory summary scores. More PLWH had impairment in attention/WM, learning, and memory. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and current immune status had no effect on T-scores. Compared to untreated cases with detectable viremia, untreated cases with undetectable viremia had significantly lower (worse) T-scores on BVMT-R total learning, BVMT-R delayed recall, and memory composite scores. Compared to PLWH infected with other subtypes (41.83%), those infected with HIV-1 CRF02_AG (58.17%) had higher (better) attention/WM T-scores.Conclusions: PLWH in Cameroon have impaired attention/WM, learning, and memory and those infected with CRF02_AG viruses showed reduced deficits in attention/WM. The first adult normative standards for assessing attention/WM, learning, and memory described, with equations for computing demographically adjusted T-scores, will facilitate future studies of diseases affecting cognitive function in Cameroonians.
AB - Objective: There is lack of Cameroonian adult neuropsychological (NP) norms, limited knowledge concerning HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa, and evidence of differential inflammation and disease progression based on viral subtypes. In this study, we developed demographically corrected norms and assessed HIV and viral genotypes effects on attention/working memory (WM), learning, and memory.Method: We administered two tests of attention/WM [Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)-50, Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)-III Spatial Span] and two tests of learning and memory [Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R)] to 347 HIV+ and 395 seronegative adult Cameroonians. We assessed the effects of viral factors on neurocognitive performance.Results: Compared to controls, people living with HIV (PLWH) had significantly lower T-scores on PASAT-50 and attention/WM summary scores, on HVLT-R total learning and learning summary scores, on HVLT-R delayed recall, BVMT-R delayed recall and memory summary scores. More PLWH had impairment in attention/WM, learning, and memory. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and current immune status had no effect on T-scores. Compared to untreated cases with detectable viremia, untreated cases with undetectable viremia had significantly lower (worse) T-scores on BVMT-R total learning, BVMT-R delayed recall, and memory composite scores. Compared to PLWH infected with other subtypes (41.83%), those infected with HIV-1 CRF02_AG (58.17%) had higher (better) attention/WM T-scores.Conclusions: PLWH in Cameroon have impaired attention/WM, learning, and memory and those infected with CRF02_AG viruses showed reduced deficits in attention/WM. The first adult normative standards for assessing attention/WM, learning, and memory described, with equations for computing demographically adjusted T-scores, will facilitate future studies of diseases affecting cognitive function in Cameroonians.
KW - HIV/AIDS
KW - Neurocognitive impairment
KW - Neuropsychological tests
KW - Norms
KW - Sub-Saharan Africa
KW - Subtypes
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U2 - 10.1017/S1355617720000120
DO - 10.1017/S1355617720000120
M3 - Article
C2 - 32066518
AN - SCOPUS:85081312092
SN - 1355-6177
VL - 26
SP - 607
EP - 623
JO - Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
JF - Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
IS - 6
ER -