Bank filtration as managed surface - Groundwater interaction

Riverbank Filtration (RBF) is a managed surface-groundwater interaction process where surface water is induced to flow to pumping wells installed on the banks of rivers and lakes. We present the surface-groundwater interaction issues at various geomorphologic settings, from the headwaters of a river to its confluence with the oceans/lakes. In each reach, the factors for the sustainable operation of RBF systems are discussed. Siting of wells with respect to the river/lake, scouring and clogging of the river beds and the resulting impacts on pollutant removal, managing the wells during floods, and RBF at other settings have been addressed.