Basal Cell Carcinoma Gene Mutations Differ Between Asian, Hispanic, and Caucasian Patients: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy worldwide. While most BCCs are treated surgically, advanced BCCs are often treated with gene-targeted therapies. While there has been a lot of research in BCC from Caucasian patients, research is lacking in patients with skin of color. OBJECTIVE: To identify potential variations in BCC gene mutations between Asian, Hispanic, and Caucasian patients. METHODS: A cohort study was performed from 2015 to 2017 with 23 patients treated for BCC at an urban academic hospital. Gene mutations were assessed using a targeted mutation panel for 76 cancer-associated genes from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. RESULTS: Groups studied comprised Asian (n=5), Hispanic (n=10), and Caucasian (n=8) patients. The Hispanic cohort had the highest number of mutations per patient on average (3.4 versus 2.8 for both Caucasian and Asian cohorts). GATA3 mutations were more prevalent in Hispanic patients (P=0.02, single factor ANOVA). ARID1A and PTEN mutations co-occurred in the Hispanic cohort (P<0.05). The most common mutation in the Asian cohort was TP53 (2/5). The Caucasian cohort had the highest percent of UVB mutations (68.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows potential differences in the prevalence of somatic gene mutations for BCC patients of different races and ethnicities, which could inform the underlying pathogenesis, impact the efficacy of therapies in specific populations, and may also help identify novel therapeutic targets. J Drugs Dermatol. 20(5): doi:10.36849/JDD.5884.