Abstract
Hypercalcemia has been reported to occur in up to30%of patients whohave a malignancy. Hypercalcemia is most common in those who have later-stage malignancies and predicts a poor prognosis for those with it. The most common causes include humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy mediated by parathyroid hormone-related peptide, osteolytic cytokine production, and excess 1,25-dihydroxy vitaminDproduction. However, the etiology is not always mediated by malignancy. Hypercalcemia can occur in those with malignancy and an additional etiology for hypercalcemia such as primary hyperparathyroidism or granulomatous diseases. This paper reviews the cancers associated with hypercalcemia and their proposed mechanisms, nontumor-mediated hypercalcemia, as well as diagnosis and treatment strategies for each condition.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 426-432 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Journal of oncology practice |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 2016 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Oncology(nursing)
- Health Policy