TY - JOUR
T1 - Challenges in Gluten Analysis
T2 - A Comparison of Four Commercial Sandwich ELISA Kits
AU - Amnuaycheewa, Plaimein
AU - Niemann, Lynn
AU - Goodman, Richard E.
AU - Baumert, Joseph L.
AU - Taylor, Steve L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Food Allergy Research and Resource Program (FARRP) and the Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Amnuaycheewa received a Royal Thai Government Scholarship for his Ph.D. studies.Acknowledgments: We thank David Jackson (Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station) for kindly providing the club wheat, James Glueck (Arrowhead Mills, Inc.) for kindly providing the Kamut™ (Khorasan) wheat, spelt, and triticale, Kanokwan Teingtham (formerly a Ph.D. student at the Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska) and Horticulture and Husker Genetics (University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division) for kindly providing the oats and sorghum, FARRP staffs for their technical support, and David Marx and Edward Rubin (formerly at the Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska) for kindly providing guidance on the analysis of data. The authors thank the Royal Thai Government Scholarship for its support to P. Amnuaycheewa during his Ph.D. studies.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/3/1
Y1 - 2022/3/1
N2 - Gluten is composed of prolamin and glutelin proteins from several related grains. Because these proteins are not present in identical ratios in the various grains and because they have some differences in sequence, the ability to accurately quantify the overall amount of gluten in various food matrices to support gluten-free labeling is difficult. Four sandwich ELISAs (the R-Biopharm AG R5 RIDASCREEN®, the Neogen Veratox® R5, the Romer Labs AgraQuant® G12, and the Morinaga Wheat kits) were evaluated for their performance to quantify gluten concentrations in various foods and ingredients. The Morinaga and AgraQuant® G12 tests yielded results comparable to the two R5 kits for most, but not for certain, foods. The results obtained with the Morinaga kit were lower when compared to the other kits for analyzing powders of buckwheat and several grass-based products. All four kits were capable of detecting multiple gluten-containing grain sources including wheat, rye, barley, semolina, triticale, spelt, emmer, einkorn, Kamut™, and club wheat. Users of the ELISA kits should verify the performance in their hands, with matrices that are typical for their specific uses. The variation in results for some food matrices between test methods could result in trade disputes or regulatory disagreements.
AB - Gluten is composed of prolamin and glutelin proteins from several related grains. Because these proteins are not present in identical ratios in the various grains and because they have some differences in sequence, the ability to accurately quantify the overall amount of gluten in various food matrices to support gluten-free labeling is difficult. Four sandwich ELISAs (the R-Biopharm AG R5 RIDASCREEN®, the Neogen Veratox® R5, the Romer Labs AgraQuant® G12, and the Morinaga Wheat kits) were evaluated for their performance to quantify gluten concentrations in various foods and ingredients. The Morinaga and AgraQuant® G12 tests yielded results comparable to the two R5 kits for most, but not for certain, foods. The results obtained with the Morinaga kit were lower when compared to the other kits for analyzing powders of buckwheat and several grass-based products. All four kits were capable of detecting multiple gluten-containing grain sources including wheat, rye, barley, semolina, triticale, spelt, emmer, einkorn, Kamut™, and club wheat. Users of the ELISA kits should verify the performance in their hands, with matrices that are typical for their specific uses. The variation in results for some food matrices between test methods could result in trade disputes or regulatory disagreements.
KW - ELISA
KW - Food matrix
KW - Gluten detection
KW - Gluten-free
KW - Grain
KW - Labeling
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U2 - 10.3390/foods11050706
DO - 10.3390/foods11050706
M3 - Article
C2 - 35267339
AN - SCOPUS:85125927598
SN - 2304-8158
VL - 11
JO - Foods
JF - Foods
IS - 5
M1 - 706
ER -