Characterization, development, and management of organic matter in turfgrass systems

The development of organic matter (OM) in turfgrass systems is a significant management consideration, especially in putting greens. Many factors influence OM accumulation, including the grass type, rate of plant growth and decay, biological activity, cultural practices, and environmental conditions. Considerable effort has been focused on gaining a better understanding of what OM is and how it is influenced by management practices. Much of this effort has built on the long history of research on OM in the soil of natural and agro-ecosystems. This chapter summarizes current research related to OM management in sand-based root zones. The well-documented physical, chemical, and biological complexity of OM presents a significant challenge in simplifying the understanding of the dynamics of accumulation and degradation; however, management strategies can be simplified into three processes: enhanced degradation, mechanical removal, and dilution. These processes often augment each other, and practitioners will use multiple strategies to achieve a desired result.