Chiral separations in capillary electrophoresis using proteins as stereoselective binding agents

Proteins are receiving increased attention in capillary electrophoresis (CE) for use as ligands in chiral separations. This review examines the types of proteins that have been employed in CE for the analysis of chiral compounds and provides a summary of applications for such an approach. Several formats for this type of analysis are discussed, including methods that use immobilized proteins (i.e., affinity capillary electrochromatography and capillary gel affinity electrophoresis or techniques that use proteins as running buffer additives (i.e., affinity capillary electrophoresis). The role of various experimental factors in these separations are considered, and a comparison is made between the general analytical properties of CE systems that use immobilized versus solution-phase proteins.