Clinical outcomes and nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin trough concentrations during treatment of deep-seated infections

Elizabeth D. Hermsen, Monica Hanson, Jayashri Sankaranarayanan, Julie A. Stoner, Marius C. Florescu, Mark E. Rupp

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

81 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: Higher vancomycin concentrations are thought necessary for treatment of deep-seated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, yet this may result in greater risk of nephrotoxicity. We evaluated the relationship of serum vancomycin trough concentration with clinical outcomes and nephrotoxicity for patients with deep-seated MRSA infection. Methods: A retrospective cohort study evaluated adults with MRSA pneumonia, endocarditis or osteomyelitis who received vancomycin for ≥ 5 days from June 2005 to June 2007. Patients were stratified by mean vancomycin trough level [low (< 15 mg/l), high (≥ 15 mg/l)]. Outcomes were clinical response, mortality, length of stay (LOS) and nephrotoxicity. Three definitions of nephrotoxicity were used: i) rise in serum creatinine (SCr) ≥ 0.5 mg/dl; ii) 50% increase in SCr; and iii) 25% decrease in estimated creatinine clearance. Results: Fifty-five patients experiencing MRSA pneumonia (n = 28), endocarditis (n = 9), osteomyelitis (n = 20) and multiple infections (n = 2) were stratified into low (n 39) and high (n 16) groups. High group patients were more likely to be septic (p = 0.01) and have a higher APACHE II score (p = 0.01). After adjustment for APACHE II score, clinical response rates among survivors did not differ significantly. Risk of death was not significantly different between the high (19%) and low (5%) group patients (p = 0.1). LOS did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.7). Nephrotoxicity occurred in the low and high groups, respectively, for 10 and 31% (p = 0.04) with definition 1, 10 and 31% (p = 0.04) with definition 2, and 13 and 25% (p = 0.1) with definition 3. After adjustment for APACHE II score, odds of nephrotoxicity based on definitions 1 or 2 were increased among the high versus low groups (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 0.7 - 15.25, p = 0.1), although not statistically significant. Conclusions: Clinical outcomes did not differ significantly between high and low trough groups for deep-seated MRSA infections. Nephrotoxicity was consistently higher in the high trough group, regardless of the definition used.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)9-14
Number of pages6
JournalExpert Opinion on Drug Safety
Volume9
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 10 2010

Keywords

  • Outcome assessment
  • Therapeutic drug monitoring
  • Toxicity
  • Vancomycin

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pharmacology (medical)

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