@article{7b3bdf5e5afb42a89cead1dc66b66032,
title = "Contribution of the gp120 V3 loop to envelope glycoprotein trimer stability in primate immunodeficiency viruses",
abstract = "The V3 loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein (Env) becomes exposed after CD4 binding and contacts the coreceptor to mediate viral entry. Prior to CD4 engagement, a hydrophobic patch located at the tip of the V3 loop stabilizes the non-covalent association of gp120 with the Env trimer of HIV-1 subtype B strains. Here, we show that this conserved hydrophobic patch (amino acid residues 307, 309 and 317) contributes to gp120-trimer association in HIV-1 subtype C, HIV-2 and SIV. Changes that reduced the hydrophobicity of these V3 residues resulted in increased gp120 shedding and decreased Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and virus entry in the different primate immunodeficiency viruses tested. Thus, the hydrophobic patch is an evolutionarily conserved element in the tip of the gp120 V3 loop that plays an essential role in maintaining the stability of the pre-triggered Env trimer in diverse primate immunodeficiency viruses.",
keywords = "HIV-1, HIV-2, Hydrophobic patch, Primate immunodeficiency viruses (PIV), Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), V3 loop, gp120",
author = "Dane Bowder and Haley Hollingsead and Kate Durst and Duoyi Hu and Wenzhong Wei and Joshua Wiggins and Halima Medjahed and Andr{\'e}s Finzi and Joseph Sodroski and Xiang, {Shi Hua}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the NIH AIDS Reagent Program for providing the materials and reagents. The HIV-1 1084i envelope gene was a generous gift from Dr. Charles Wood. This work was supported in part by grants to S.-H. X. from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation ( #51783 ) and the Agricultural Research Division (ARD), UNL. J.S. was supported by NIH grants AI124982 and AI100645 and by a gift from the late William F. McCarty-Cooper. A.F. was supported by CIHR foundation grant #352417 and by the Canada Research Chair on Retroviral Entry #RCHS0235 . D.B. is an NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Fellow ( 5T32AI06547-8 ). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. Funding Information: The authors thank the NIH AIDS Reagent Program for providing the materials and reagents. The HIV-1 1084i envelope gene was a generous gift from Dr. Charles Wood. This work was supported in part by grants to S.-H. X. from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (#51783) and the Agricultural Research Division (ARD), UNL. J.S. was supported by NIH grants AI124982 and AI100645 and by a gift from the late William F. McCarty-Cooper. A.F. was supported by CIHR foundation grant #352417 and by the Canada Research Chair on Retroviral Entry #RCHS0235. D.B. is an NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein Fellow (5T32AI06547-8). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018",
year = "2018",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.005",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "521",
pages = "158--168",
journal = "Virology",
issn = "0042-6822",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}