TY - JOUR
T1 - Correlation of pre-hypertension with carotid artery damage in middle-aged and older adults
AU - Park, Jinkee
AU - Na, Yongseong
AU - Jang, Yunjung
AU - Park, Song Young
AU - Park, Hyuntae
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea, the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2018S1A5A2A03037691) and the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017S1A5A8021740).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/10/2
Y1 - 2020/10/2
N2 - The intima-media thickness (IMT), luminal diameters (LDs), flow velocities (FVs), compliance, and β-stiffness of the carotid artery (CA) are considered as independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Pre-hypertension (PHT) is also an independent CVD risk factor. This study investigated the association between CA damage (CAD) and PHT. A total of 544 adults participated; their blood pressures (BPs) and CA characteristics were measured using a mercury-free sphygmomanometer and ultrasound. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to assess the differences in the CA characteristics according to the BPs, multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the risk of CAD associated with PHT. In ANCOVA, the CA characteristics of PHT were significantly different from normotensive. The odds ratios (ORs) of IMTmax, LDmax, LDmin, peak-systolic FV (PFV), end-diastolic FV (EFV), PFV/LDmin, EFV/LDmax, compliance, and β-stiffness of PHT were 4.20, 2.70,3.52,2.41,3.06,3.55,3.29,2 and 1.84 times higher than those of the normotensive, respectively, in Model 2. In Model 3 adjusted for age, the ORs of LDmax, LDmin, EFV, PFV/LDmin, and EFV/LDmax of PHT were 2.10, 2.55,1.96, 2.20, and 2.04 times higher than those of the normotensive, respectively. Therefore, the present study revealed that CAD is closely correlated with pre-hypertensive status in adults.
AB - The intima-media thickness (IMT), luminal diameters (LDs), flow velocities (FVs), compliance, and β-stiffness of the carotid artery (CA) are considered as independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Pre-hypertension (PHT) is also an independent CVD risk factor. This study investigated the association between CA damage (CAD) and PHT. A total of 544 adults participated; their blood pressures (BPs) and CA characteristics were measured using a mercury-free sphygmomanometer and ultrasound. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to assess the differences in the CA characteristics according to the BPs, multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the risk of CAD associated with PHT. In ANCOVA, the CA characteristics of PHT were significantly different from normotensive. The odds ratios (ORs) of IMTmax, LDmax, LDmin, peak-systolic FV (PFV), end-diastolic FV (EFV), PFV/LDmin, EFV/LDmax, compliance, and β-stiffness of PHT were 4.20, 2.70,3.52,2.41,3.06,3.55,3.29,2 and 1.84 times higher than those of the normotensive, respectively, in Model 2. In Model 3 adjusted for age, the ORs of LDmax, LDmin, EFV, PFV/LDmin, and EFV/LDmax of PHT were 2.10, 2.55,1.96, 2.20, and 2.04 times higher than those of the normotensive, respectively. Therefore, the present study revealed that CAD is closely correlated with pre-hypertensive status in adults.
KW - Carotid artery damage
KW - Carotid artery structure
KW - Compliance and stiffness
KW - Flow velocity
KW - Middle-aged and older adults
KW - Pre-hypertension
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U2 - 10.3390/ijerph17207686
DO - 10.3390/ijerph17207686
M3 - Article
C2 - 33096848
AN - SCOPUS:85094172934
SN - 1661-7827
VL - 17
SP - 1
EP - 13
JO - International journal of environmental research and public health
JF - International journal of environmental research and public health
IS - 20
M1 - 7686
ER -