Crashing Waves: An Empirical Vehicle-to-Barrier Communication Channel Model via Crash Tests

Mohammad M.R. Lunar, Cody Stolle, Ronald K. Faller, Mehmet C. Vuran

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Vehicle-to-barrier (V2B) communications is an emerging communication technology between vehicles and road-side barriers to mitigate run-off-road crashes, which result in more than half of the traffic-related fatalities in the United States. To ensure V2B connectivity, establishing a reliable V2B channel is necessary before a potential crash, such that real-time information from barriers can help (semi-)autonomous vehicles make informed decisions. However, the characteristics of the V2B channel are not yet well understood. Therefore, in this paper, aV2B channel model is developed with three channel metrics: received power, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and RMS Doppler spread based on experiments during controlled vehicle crash tests. Experimentation, empirical analyses, and mathematical models are introduced to capture the impacts of antenna height, barrier type, and vehicle type in V2B channel characteristics. Vehicle-height barrier antennas experience 6.4% (540ns) less reference delay spread while encountering 10% (13Hz) higher reference Doppler spread and 10dB more received power than the barrier-height barrier antennas. Moreover, steel barrier deployment results in a 21% (2, 040ns) larger reference delay spread and 2.4% (2.35Hz) smaller reference Doppler spread than concrete barrier deployment. Finally, the impact of the crash in the communication channel is investigated with these empirical metrics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first V2B communication channel model that captures received power, RMS delay spread, and RMS Doppler spread validated with the most extensive set of vehicular crash tests. The experimental code and experiment dataset are made public to support reproducible research (https://github.com/UNL-CPN-Lab/Crashing-Waves).

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationProceedings - 2021 IEEE 18th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Smart Systems, MASS 2021
PublisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages419-427
Number of pages9
ISBN (Electronic)9781665449359
DOIs
StatePublished - 2021
Event18th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Smart Systems, MASS 2021 - Virtual, Online, United States
Duration: Oct 4 2021Oct 7 2021

Publication series

NameProceedings - 2021 IEEE 18th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Smart Systems, MASS 2021

Conference

Conference18th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Smart Systems, MASS 2021
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CityVirtual, Online
Period10/4/2110/7/21

Keywords

  • Channel model
  • Crash tests
  • OFDM
  • Vehicle-to-barrier communications
  • Vehicular communications

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computer Networks and Communications
  • Hardware and Architecture

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