@article{841c63dab21f4f75a7c0eba27e40cc03,
title = "Cryptopatches Are Essential for the Development of Human GALT",
abstract = "Abnormal gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in humans is associated with infectious and autoimmune diseases, which cause dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract immune system. To aid ininvestigating GALT pathologies invivo, we bioengineered a human-mouse chimeric model characterized by the development of human GALT structures originating in mouse cryptopatches. This observation expands our mechanistic understanding of the role of cryptopatches in human GALT genesis and emphasizes the evolutionary conservation of thisdevelopmental process. Immunoglobulin class switching to IgA occurs in these GALT structures, leading to numerous human IgA-producing plasma cells throughout the intestinal lamina propria. CD4+ Tcell depletion within GALT structures results from HIV infection, as it does in humans. This human-mouse chimeric model represents the most comprehensive experimental platform currently available for the study and for the preclinical testing of therapeutics designed to repair disease-damaged GALT.",
author = "Tomonori Nochi and Denton, {Paul W.} and Angela Wahl and Garcia, {J. Victor}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Drs. H. Staats, K. Abel, and S. Plevy for their critical comments regarding this manuscript; Drs. M. Chua and N. Kramarcy for their technical support with microscopy analysis at the UNC-Chapel Hill Michael Hooker Microscope Facility; Dr. A. Rogers, Ms. J. Weaver, Ms. Y. Xia, and Ms. L. Wai for the generous use of the UNC-Chapel Hill Animal Histopathology Core Facility; Dr. N. Nikolaishvili-Feinberg and Mr. B. Midkiff for scanning and analysis of IHC images at the UNC-Chapel Hill Translational Pathology Laboratory; Dr. J. Schmitz, Ms. F. Ashton, and Ms. A. Stillson for the use of ELISPOT reader at the UNC-Chapel Hill Immunology Core Facility; Dr. J. Estes for his advice in all aspects of IHC and the tissue embedding of samples at AIDS and Cancer Virus Program in NCI-Frederick; and former and current lab members for their assistance with various aspects of this work. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants AI096113 and AI073146 (to J.V.G.); by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Institutional Immunology Training grant T32 AI 7273-28 (to A.W.); by UNC Center for AIDS Research grant P30 AI50410; U19 AI082637 Combination HIV Antiretroviral Rectal Microbicide Program (to J.V.G.; Ian McGowan, PI); and by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowship and Young Researcher Overseas Visits Program for Vitalizing Brain Circulation (to T.N.). ",
year = "2013",
month = mar,
day = "27",
doi = "10.1016/j.celrep.2013.05.037",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "3",
pages = "1874--1884",
journal = "Cell Reports",
issn = "2211-1247",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "6",
}