TY - JOUR
T1 - Cryptosporidium and giardia in humans, domestic animals, and village water sources in rural India
AU - Daniels, Miles E.
AU - Shrivastava, Arpit
AU - Smith, Woutrina A.
AU - Sahu, Priyadarshi
AU - Odagiri, Mitsunori
AU - Misra, Pravas R.
AU - Panigrahi, Pinaki
AU - Suar, Mrutyunjay
AU - Clasen, Thomas
AU - Jenkins, Marion W.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2015 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
PY - 2015/9/1
Y1 - 2015/9/1
N2 - Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia are zoonotic enteric protozoa of significant health concern where sanitation, hygiene, and water supplies are inadequate. We examined 85 stool samples from diarrhea patients, 111 pooled fecal samples by species across seven domestic animal types, and water from tube wells (N = 207) and ponds (N = 94) across 60 villages in coastal Odisha, India, for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts to measure occurrence, concentration/shedding, and environmental loading rates. Oocysts/cysts were detected in 12% of diarrhea patients. Detection ranged from 0% to 35% for Cryptosporidium and 0% to 67% for Giardia across animal hosts. Animal loading estimates indicate the greatest contributors of environmental oocysts/cysts in the study region are cattle. Ponds were contaminated with both protozoa (oocysts: 37%, cysts: 74%), as were tube wells (oocysts: 10%, cysts: 14%). Future research should address the public health concern highlighted from these findings and investigate the role of domestic animals in diarrheal disease transmission in this and similar settings.
AB - Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia are zoonotic enteric protozoa of significant health concern where sanitation, hygiene, and water supplies are inadequate. We examined 85 stool samples from diarrhea patients, 111 pooled fecal samples by species across seven domestic animal types, and water from tube wells (N = 207) and ponds (N = 94) across 60 villages in coastal Odisha, India, for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts to measure occurrence, concentration/shedding, and environmental loading rates. Oocysts/cysts were detected in 12% of diarrhea patients. Detection ranged from 0% to 35% for Cryptosporidium and 0% to 67% for Giardia across animal hosts. Animal loading estimates indicate the greatest contributors of environmental oocysts/cysts in the study region are cattle. Ponds were contaminated with both protozoa (oocysts: 37%, cysts: 74%), as were tube wells (oocysts: 10%, cysts: 14%). Future research should address the public health concern highlighted from these findings and investigate the role of domestic animals in diarrheal disease transmission in this and similar settings.
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U2 - 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0111
DO - 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0111
M3 - Article
C2 - 26123963
AN - SCOPUS:84941627944
SN - 0002-9637
VL - 93
SP - 596
EP - 600
JO - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
IS - 3
ER -