Defining larger roles for "tiny" RNA molecules: Role of miRNAs in neurodegeneration research

Many facets of transcriptional and translational regulation contribute to the proper functioning of the nervous system. Dysfunctional control of mRNA and protein expression can lead to neurodegenerative conditions. Recently, a new regulatory control element-small noncoding RNAs-has been found to play a significant role in many physiologic systems. Here, we review the microRNA (miRNA) field as it pertains to discovery-based and mechanistic studies on the brain and specifically in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the role of miRNAs in the brain will aid to open new avenues to the field of neuroscience and, importantly, neurodegenerative disease research.