TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of a Concussion Risk Function for a Youth Population Using Head Linear and Rotational Acceleration
AU - Campolettano, Eamon T.
AU - Gellner, Ryan A.
AU - Smith, Eric P.
AU - Bellamkonda, Srinidhi
AU - Tierney, Casey T.
AU - Crisco, Joseph J.
AU - Jones, Derek A.
AU - Kelley, Mireille E.
AU - Urban, Jillian E.
AU - Stitzel, Joel D.
AU - Genemaras, Amaris
AU - Beckwith, Jonathan G.
AU - Greenwald, Richard M.
AU - Maerlender, Arthur C.
AU - Brolinson, Per Gunnar
AU - Duma, Stefan M.
AU - Rowson, Steven
N1 - Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers R01NS094410 and 1R01NS082453. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors would also like to acknowledge the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment under Award 1-SAC-2017. The authors gratefully acknowledge the youth football teams for their participation in this study.
Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers R01NS094410 and 1R01NS082453. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors would also like to acknowledge the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment under Award 1-SAC-2017. The authors gratefully acknowledge the youth football teams for their participation in this study. Joseph J. Crisco, Richard M. Greenwald, Jonathan G. Beckwith, and Simbex have a financial interest in the instruments (HIT System, Sideline Response System, Riddell, Inc) that were used to collect the biomechanical data reported in this study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s).
PY - 2020/1/1
Y1 - 2020/1/1
N2 - Physical differences between youth and adults, which include incomplete myelination, limited neck muscle development, and a higher head-body ratio in the youth population, likely contribute towards the increased susceptibility of youth to concussion. Previous research efforts have considered the biomechanics of concussion for adult populations, but these known age-related differences highlight the necessity of quantifying the risk of concussion for a youth population. This study adapted the previously developed Generalized Acceleration Model for Brian Injury Threshold (GAMBIT) that combines linear and rotational head acceleration to model the risk of concussion for a youth population with the Generalized Acceleration Model for Concussion in Youth (GAM-CY). Survival analysis was used in conjunction with head impact data collected during participation in youth football to model risk between individuals who sustained medically-diagnosed concussions (n = 15). Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated for peak linear acceleration, peak rotational acceleration, and GAM-CY, all of which were observed to be better injury predictors than random guessing. GAM-CY was associated with an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.82–0.95) when all head impacts experienced by the concussed players were considered. Concussion tolerance was observed to be lower for youth athletes, with average peak linear head acceleration of 62.4 ± 29.7 g compared to 102.5 ± 32.7 g for adults and average peak rotational head acceleration of 2609 ± 1591 rad/s2 compared to 4412 ± 2326 rad/s2. These data provide further evidence of age-related differences in concussion tolerance and may be used for the development of youth-specific protective designs.
AB - Physical differences between youth and adults, which include incomplete myelination, limited neck muscle development, and a higher head-body ratio in the youth population, likely contribute towards the increased susceptibility of youth to concussion. Previous research efforts have considered the biomechanics of concussion for adult populations, but these known age-related differences highlight the necessity of quantifying the risk of concussion for a youth population. This study adapted the previously developed Generalized Acceleration Model for Brian Injury Threshold (GAMBIT) that combines linear and rotational head acceleration to model the risk of concussion for a youth population with the Generalized Acceleration Model for Concussion in Youth (GAM-CY). Survival analysis was used in conjunction with head impact data collected during participation in youth football to model risk between individuals who sustained medically-diagnosed concussions (n = 15). Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated for peak linear acceleration, peak rotational acceleration, and GAM-CY, all of which were observed to be better injury predictors than random guessing. GAM-CY was associated with an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.82–0.95) when all head impacts experienced by the concussed players were considered. Concussion tolerance was observed to be lower for youth athletes, with average peak linear head acceleration of 62.4 ± 29.7 g compared to 102.5 ± 32.7 g for adults and average peak rotational head acceleration of 2609 ± 1591 rad/s2 compared to 4412 ± 2326 rad/s2. These data provide further evidence of age-related differences in concussion tolerance and may be used for the development of youth-specific protective designs.
KW - Biomechanics
KW - Football
KW - Helmet
KW - Mild traumatic brain injury
KW - Risk curve
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U2 - 10.1007/s10439-019-02382-2
DO - 10.1007/s10439-019-02382-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 31659605
AN - SCOPUS:85074635370
SN - 0090-6964
VL - 48
SP - 92
EP - 103
JO - Annals of Biomedical Engineering
JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering
IS - 1
ER -