Abstract
The present study was designed to document smokeless tobacco withdrawal patterns and to examine differential withdrawal responses between smokers and smokeless users. Participants (N = 19) were studied under deprivation and nondeprivation conditions, 1 condition per week. The Withdrawal Symptoms Checklist was administered to assess cognitive and affective changes. Both smokers and smokeless users experienced substantially more withdrawal at 48- hr deprivation compared to the 48-hr nondeprivation condition. Participants in both groups endorsed decreasingly fewer withdrawal symptoms from 0 hr to 48 hr on nondeprivation days. This downward trend suggests a need for stabilizing withdrawal responses before deprivation.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 205-208 |
| Number of pages | 4 |
| Journal | Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1998 |
| Externally published | Yes |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pharmacology
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Pharmacology (medical)