Direct selective laser sintering of hexagonal barium titanate ceramics

Xiang Zhang; Fei Wang; Zhipeng Wu; Yongfeng Lu; Xueliang Yan; Michael Nastasi; Yan Chen; Yifei Hao; Xia Hong; Bai Cui

doi:10.1111/jace.17568

Direct selective laser sintering of hexagonal barium titanate ceramics

Xiang Zhang, Fei Wang, Zhipeng Wu, Yongfeng Lu, Xueliang Yan, Michael Nastasi, Yan Chen, Yifei Hao, Xia Hong, Bai Cui

Electrical & Computer Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

A direct selective laser sintering (SLS) process was combined with a laser preheating procedure to decrease the temperature gradient and thermal stress, which was demonstrated as a promising approach for additive manufacturing of BaTiO₃ ceramics. The phase compositions in BaTiO₃ ceramics fabricated by SLS were investigated by X-ray and neutron diffractions. The surface morphologies and cross-section microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A dense hexagonal h-BaTiO₃ layer was formed on the surface and extended to a depth of 500 μm, with a relative density higher than 97% and absence of pores or microcracks. SLS resulted in the formation of the high-temperature phase, h-BaTiO₃, which was retained at room temperature possibly due to the high cooling rate. The grain boundaries of SLSed h-BaTiO₃ ceramics consist of a Ti-rich secondary phase. Compared with that of the pressureless sintered t-BaTiO₃ ceramics, the Vickers hardness of SLSed h-BaTiO₃ is 70% higher.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1271-1280
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Volume	104
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.17568
State	Published - Mar 2021

Keywords

additive manufacturing
barium titanate
selective laser sintering

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Ceramics and Composites
Materials Chemistry

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@article{71cf66649d6946af8d4bd0c631a86d0f,

title = "Direct selective laser sintering of hexagonal barium titanate ceramics",

abstract = "A direct selective laser sintering (SLS) process was combined with a laser preheating procedure to decrease the temperature gradient and thermal stress, which was demonstrated as a promising approach for additive manufacturing of BaTiO3 ceramics. The phase compositions in BaTiO3 ceramics fabricated by SLS were investigated by X-ray and neutron diffractions. The surface morphologies and cross-section microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A dense hexagonal h-BaTiO3 layer was formed on the surface and extended to a depth of 500 μm, with a relative density higher than 97% and absence of pores or microcracks. SLS resulted in the formation of the high-temperature phase, h-BaTiO3, which was retained at room temperature possibly due to the high cooling rate. The grain boundaries of SLSed h-BaTiO3 ceramics consist of a Ti-rich secondary phase. Compared with that of the pressureless sintered t-BaTiO3 ceramics, the Vickers hardness of SLSed h-BaTiO3 is 70% higher.",

keywords = "additive manufacturing, barium titanate, selective laser sintering",

author = "Xiang Zhang and Fei Wang and Zhipeng Wu and Yongfeng Lu and Xueliang Yan and Michael Nastasi and Yan Chen and Yifei Hao and Xia Hong and Bai Cui",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the NASA Nebraska Space Grant (Federal Award #NNX15AI09H). Manufacturing and characterization analyses were performed at the NanoEngineering Research Core Facility (part of the Nebraska Nanoscale Facility), which is partially funded from the Nebraska Research Initiative. Neutron diffraction work was carried out at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), which is the US Department of Energy (DOE) user facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors would like to thank Mr Matthew Frost and Dr Ke An for their technical support and helpful discussions on neutron diffraction measurements. The work by YH and XH was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant No. DMR‐1710461.",

year = "2021",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1111/jace.17568",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "104",

pages = "1271--1280",

journal = "Journal of the American Ceramic Society",

issn = "0002-7820",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Direct selective laser sintering of hexagonal barium titanate ceramics

AU - Zhang, Xiang

AU - Wang, Fei

AU - Wu, Zhipeng

AU - Lu, Yongfeng

AU - Yan, Xueliang

AU - Nastasi, Michael

AU - Chen, Yan

AU - Hao, Yifei

AU - Hong, Xia

AU - Cui, Bai

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the NASA Nebraska Space Grant (Federal Award #NNX15AI09H). Manufacturing and characterization analyses were performed at the NanoEngineering Research Core Facility (part of the Nebraska Nanoscale Facility), which is partially funded from the Nebraska Research Initiative. Neutron diffraction work was carried out at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), which is the US Department of Energy (DOE) user facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors would like to thank Mr Matthew Frost and Dr Ke An for their technical support and helpful discussions on neutron diffraction measurements. The work by YH and XH was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant No. DMR‐1710461.

PY - 2021/3

Y1 - 2021/3

N2 - A direct selective laser sintering (SLS) process was combined with a laser preheating procedure to decrease the temperature gradient and thermal stress, which was demonstrated as a promising approach for additive manufacturing of BaTiO3 ceramics. The phase compositions in BaTiO3 ceramics fabricated by SLS were investigated by X-ray and neutron diffractions. The surface morphologies and cross-section microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A dense hexagonal h-BaTiO3 layer was formed on the surface and extended to a depth of 500 μm, with a relative density higher than 97% and absence of pores or microcracks. SLS resulted in the formation of the high-temperature phase, h-BaTiO3, which was retained at room temperature possibly due to the high cooling rate. The grain boundaries of SLSed h-BaTiO3 ceramics consist of a Ti-rich secondary phase. Compared with that of the pressureless sintered t-BaTiO3 ceramics, the Vickers hardness of SLSed h-BaTiO3 is 70% higher.

AB - A direct selective laser sintering (SLS) process was combined with a laser preheating procedure to decrease the temperature gradient and thermal stress, which was demonstrated as a promising approach for additive manufacturing of BaTiO3 ceramics. The phase compositions in BaTiO3 ceramics fabricated by SLS were investigated by X-ray and neutron diffractions. The surface morphologies and cross-section microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A dense hexagonal h-BaTiO3 layer was formed on the surface and extended to a depth of 500 μm, with a relative density higher than 97% and absence of pores or microcracks. SLS resulted in the formation of the high-temperature phase, h-BaTiO3, which was retained at room temperature possibly due to the high cooling rate. The grain boundaries of SLSed h-BaTiO3 ceramics consist of a Ti-rich secondary phase. Compared with that of the pressureless sintered t-BaTiO3 ceramics, the Vickers hardness of SLSed h-BaTiO3 is 70% higher.

KW - additive manufacturing

KW - barium titanate

KW - selective laser sintering

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U2 - 10.1111/jace.17568

DO - 10.1111/jace.17568

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85096797751

VL - 104

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EP - 1280

JO - Journal of the American Ceramic Society

JF - Journal of the American Ceramic Society

SN - 0002-7820

IS - 3

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