TY - JOUR
T1 - DNA barcoding evidence for the North American presence of alfalfa cyst nematode, Heterodera medicaginis
AU - Powers, Thomas
AU - Skantar, Andrea
AU - Harris, Tim
AU - Higgins, Rebecca
AU - Mullin, Peter
AU - Hafez, Saad
AU - Handoo, Zafar
AU - Todd, Tim
AU - Powers, Kirsten
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Mihail Kantor and Maria Hult for excellent technical assistance and Ibrahim Khayry Atris Ibrahim for providing samples. Also, the authors thank Ruby Anderson for sampling and Blanche Butera for SEM images. Support for this project provided by USDA Multistate 3186 and the Nebraska Department of Agriculture.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Authors.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Specimens of Heterodera have been collected from alfalfa fields in Kearny County, Kansas and Carbon County, Montana. DNA barcoding with the COI mitochondrial gene indicate that the species is not Heterodera glycines, soybean cyst nematode, H. schachtii, sugar beet cyst nematode, or H. trifolii, clover cyst nematode. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees show that the alfalfa specimens form a sister clade most closely related to H. glycines, with a 4.7% mean pairwise sequence divergence across the 862 nucleotides of the COI marker. Morphological analyses of juveniles and cysts conform to the measurements of H. medicaginis, the alfalfa cyst nematode originally described from the USSR in 1971. Initial host testing demonstrated that the nematode reproduced on alfalfa, but not on soybeans, tomato, or corn. Collectively, the evidence suggests that this finding represents the first record of H. medicaginis in North America. Definitive confirmation of this diagnosis would require COI sequence of eastern European isolates of this species.
AB - Specimens of Heterodera have been collected from alfalfa fields in Kearny County, Kansas and Carbon County, Montana. DNA barcoding with the COI mitochondrial gene indicate that the species is not Heterodera glycines, soybean cyst nematode, H. schachtii, sugar beet cyst nematode, or H. trifolii, clover cyst nematode. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees show that the alfalfa specimens form a sister clade most closely related to H. glycines, with a 4.7% mean pairwise sequence divergence across the 862 nucleotides of the COI marker. Morphological analyses of juveniles and cysts conform to the measurements of H. medicaginis, the alfalfa cyst nematode originally described from the USSR in 1971. Initial host testing demonstrated that the nematode reproduced on alfalfa, but not on soybeans, tomato, or corn. Collectively, the evidence suggests that this finding represents the first record of H. medicaginis in North America. Definitive confirmation of this diagnosis would require COI sequence of eastern European isolates of this species.
KW - Alfalfa cyst nematode
KW - COI DNA barcode
KW - Detection
KW - Diagnosis
KW - Heterodera medicaginis
KW - Taxonomy
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U2 - 10.21307/jofnem-2019-016
DO - 10.21307/jofnem-2019-016
M3 - Article
C2 - 31088028
AN - SCOPUS:85072234857
SN - 0022-300X
VL - 51
SP - 1
EP - 17
JO - Journal of Nematology
JF - Journal of Nematology
IS - 1
ER -