Dung beetles increase greenhouse gas fluxes from dung pats in a north temperate grassland

Soil fauna plays a critical role in various ecosystem processes, but empirical data measuring its impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rangelands are limited. We quantified the effects of dung beetles on in situ CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O emissions from simulated cattle dung deposits. Soil in meadows of the semiarid Nebraska Sandhills was treated with three treatments (dung pats with exposure and without exposure to dung beetles, and a no dung control). A closed-chamber method was used to measure GHG fluxes at 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 56 d after dung placement in the early season (June-August) and late season (July-September) in 2014 and 2015. The greatest dung beetle abundance was 6 ± 2 beetles per quarter pat on Day 7; the abundance decreased to <2 ± 0.6 on Day 14 and 28 and zero on Day 56. Dung beetles increased fluxes of CO2 by 0.2 g C d^-1 m^-2, N₂O by 0.4 mg N d^-1 m^-2 (only in late season 2015), and CH₄ by 0.2 mg C d^-1 m^-2. These increases were due to beetle-made macropores that facilitated gas transport in wet dung (initial moisture = 4.6 g g^-1 on a dry-weight basis) within 7 d after dung placement. Seasonal environmental differences resulted in greater CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ fluxes in the early season than in the late season. This study concluded that dung beetles increased GHG fluxes from early- and late-season dung deposits on meadows of the semiarid Nebraska Sandhills.