Efavirenz Pharmacokinetics and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Viral Suppression Among Patients Receiving Tuberculosis Treatment Containing Daily High-Dose Rifapentine

Anthony T. Podany, Michelle Pham, Erin Sizemore, Neil Martinson, Wadzanai Samaneka, Lerato Mohapi, Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, Rod Dawson, John L. Johnson, Harriet Mayanja, Umesh Lalloo, William C. Whitworth, April Pettit, Kayla Campbell, Patrick P.J. Phillips, Kia Bryant, Nigel Scott, Andrew Vernon, Ekaterina V. Kurbatova, Richard E. ChaissonSusan E. Dorman, Payam Nahid, Susan Swindells, Kelly E. Dooley, Courtney V. Fletcher

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: A 4-month regimen containing rifapentine and moxifloxacin has noninferior efficacy compared to the standard 6-month regimen for drug-sensitive tuberculosis. We evaluated the effect of regimens containing daily, high-dose rifapentine on efavirenz pharmacokinetics and viral suppression in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis (TB). Methods: In the context of a Phase 3 randomized controlled trial, HIV-positive individuals already virally suppressed on efavirenz - containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) (EFV1), or newly initiating efavirenz (EFV2) received TB treatment containing rifapentine (1200 mg), isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and either ethambutol or moxifloxacin. Mid-interval efavirenz concentrations were measured (a) during ART and TB cotreatment (Weeks 4, 8, 12, and 17, different by EFV group) and (b) when ART was taken alone (pre- or post-TB treatment, Weeks 0 and 22). Apparent oral clearance (CL/F) was estimated and compared. Target mid-interval efavirenz concentrations were > 1 mg/L. Co-treatment was considered acceptable if > 80% of participants had mid-interval efavirenz concentrations meeting this target. Results: EFV1 and EFV2 included 70 and 41 evaluable participants, respectively. The geometric mean ratio comparing efavirenz CL/F with vs without TB drugs was 0.79 (90% confidence interval [CI]. 72-.85) in EFV1 and 0.84 [90% CI. 69-.97] in EFV2. The percent of participants with mid-interval efavirenz concentrations > 1mg/L in EFV1 at Weeks 0, 4, 8, and 17 was 96%, 96%, 88%, and 89%, respectively. In EFV2, at approximately 4 and 8 weeks post efavirenz initiation, the value was 98%. Conclusions: TB treatment containing high-dose daily rifapentine modestly decreased (rather than increased) efavirenz clearance and therapeutic targets were met supporting the use of efavirenz with these regimens, without dose adjustment. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT 02410772.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)560-566
Number of pages7
JournalClinical Infectious Diseases
Volume75
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 15 2022

Keywords

  • HIV/AIDS
  • efavirenz
  • pharmacokinetics
  • rifapentine
  • tuberculosis

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Microbiology (medical)
  • Infectious Diseases

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