TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of nano-engineered surfaces on osteoblast adhesion, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis
AU - Miralami, Raheleh
AU - Sharp, John G.
AU - Namavar, Fereydoon
AU - Hartman, Curtis W.
AU - Garvin, Kevin L.
AU - Thiele, Geoffrey M.
N1 - Funding Information:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-2815 Miralami Raheleh 1 Sharp John G 2 Namavar Fereydoon 1 Hartman Curtis W 1 Garvin Kevin L 1 Thiele Geoffrey M 3 4 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA 2 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA 3 VA Nebraska-Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, USA 4 Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA Raheleh Miralami, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5840, USA. Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] 12 2019 2397791419886778 12 12 2018 11 10 2019 © IMechE 2019 2019 Institution of Mechanical Engineers Modifying implant surfaces to improve their biocompatibility by enhancing osteoblast activation, growth, differentiation, and induction of greater bone formation with stronger attachments should result in improved outcomes for total joint replacement surgeries. This study tested the hypothesis that nano-structured surfaces, produced by the ion beam-assisted deposition method, enhance osteoblast adhesion, growth, differentiation, bone formation, and maturation. The ion beam-assisted deposition technique was employed to deposit zirconium oxide films on glass substrates. The effects of the ion beam-assisted deposition technique on cellular functions were investigated by comparing adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of the human osteosarcoma cell line SAOS-2 on coated versus uncoated surfaces. Ion beam-assisted deposition nano-coatings enhanced initial cell adhesion assessed by the number of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole–stained nuclei on zirconium oxide nano-coated surfaces compared to glass surfaces. This nano-modification also increased cell proliferation as measured by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Moreover, the ion beam-assisted deposition technique improved cell differentiation as determined by the formation of mineralized bone nodules and by the rate of calcium deposition, both of which are in vitro indicators of the successful bone formation. However, programmed cell death assessed by Annexin V staining and flow cytometry was not statistically significantly different between nano-surfaces and glass surfaces. Overall, the results indicate that nano-crystalline zirconium oxide surfaces produced by the ion beam-assisted deposition technique are superior to uncoated surfaces in supporting bone cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, surface properties altered by the ion beam-assisted deposition technique enhanced bone formation and may increase the biocompatibility of bone cell–associated surfaces. Biomaterials nano-structure ion beam-assisted deposition biocompatibility orthopedic osteoblasts edited-state corrected-proof typesetter ts1 The authors would like to thank the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center for funding this research. They also wish to thank Drs. Hani Haider and Thyagaseely (Sheela) Premaraj for their advice and UNMC Core Facilities for their help. Author contributions R.M., G.M.T., and J.G.S. contributed to research design and interpretation of data. R.M. contributed to acquisition and analysis of the data. All authors contributed to the drafting of the paper or revising it, and all authors approved the final manuscript. Some of these data were included in the PhD dissertation of R.M. submitted to the graduate college of the University of Nebraska Medical Center in 2018. Declaration of conflicting interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was funded by the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. ORCID iD Raheleh Miralami https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-2815
Publisher Copyright:
© IMechE 2019.
PY - 2020/3/1
Y1 - 2020/3/1
N2 - Modifying implant surfaces to improve their biocompatibility by enhancing osteoblast activation, growth, differentiation, and induction of greater bone formation with stronger attachments should result in improved outcomes for total joint replacement surgeries. This study tested the hypothesis that nano-structured surfaces, produced by the ion beam-assisted deposition method, enhance osteoblast adhesion, growth, differentiation, bone formation, and maturation. The ion beam-assisted deposition technique was employed to deposit zirconium oxide films on glass substrates. The effects of the ion beam-assisted deposition technique on cellular functions were investigated by comparing adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of the human osteosarcoma cell line SAOS-2 on coated versus uncoated surfaces. Ion beam-assisted deposition nano-coatings enhanced initial cell adhesion assessed by the number of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole–stained nuclei on zirconium oxide nano-coated surfaces compared to glass surfaces. This nano-modification also increased cell proliferation as measured by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Moreover, the ion beam-assisted deposition technique improved cell differentiation as determined by the formation of mineralized bone nodules and by the rate of calcium deposition, both of which are in vitro indicators of the successful bone formation. However, programmed cell death assessed by Annexin V staining and flow cytometry was not statistically significantly different between nano-surfaces and glass surfaces. Overall, the results indicate that nano-crystalline zirconium oxide surfaces produced by the ion beam-assisted deposition technique are superior to uncoated surfaces in supporting bone cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, surface properties altered by the ion beam-assisted deposition technique enhanced bone formation and may increase the biocompatibility of bone cell–associated surfaces.
AB - Modifying implant surfaces to improve their biocompatibility by enhancing osteoblast activation, growth, differentiation, and induction of greater bone formation with stronger attachments should result in improved outcomes for total joint replacement surgeries. This study tested the hypothesis that nano-structured surfaces, produced by the ion beam-assisted deposition method, enhance osteoblast adhesion, growth, differentiation, bone formation, and maturation. The ion beam-assisted deposition technique was employed to deposit zirconium oxide films on glass substrates. The effects of the ion beam-assisted deposition technique on cellular functions were investigated by comparing adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of the human osteosarcoma cell line SAOS-2 on coated versus uncoated surfaces. Ion beam-assisted deposition nano-coatings enhanced initial cell adhesion assessed by the number of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole–stained nuclei on zirconium oxide nano-coated surfaces compared to glass surfaces. This nano-modification also increased cell proliferation as measured by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Moreover, the ion beam-assisted deposition technique improved cell differentiation as determined by the formation of mineralized bone nodules and by the rate of calcium deposition, both of which are in vitro indicators of the successful bone formation. However, programmed cell death assessed by Annexin V staining and flow cytometry was not statistically significantly different between nano-surfaces and glass surfaces. Overall, the results indicate that nano-crystalline zirconium oxide surfaces produced by the ion beam-assisted deposition technique are superior to uncoated surfaces in supporting bone cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, surface properties altered by the ion beam-assisted deposition technique enhanced bone formation and may increase the biocompatibility of bone cell–associated surfaces.
KW - Biomaterials
KW - biocompatibility
KW - ion beam-assisted deposition
KW - nano-structure
KW - orthopedic
KW - osteoblasts
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076918482&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1177/2397791419886778
DO - 10.1177/2397791419886778
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85076918482
SN - 2397-7914
VL - 234
SP - 59
EP - 66
JO - Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems
JF - Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems
IS - 1-2
ER -