TY - JOUR
T1 - Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disorders
T2 - Focus on HIV-associated neurological complications
AU - Hu, Guoku
AU - Yang, Lu
AU - Cai, Yu
AU - Niu, Fang
AU - Mezzacappa, Frank
AU - Callen, Shannon
AU - Fox, Howard S.
AU - Buch, Shilpa
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2016.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Exosomes are membrane-enriched extracellular vesicles with a proposed diameter in the range of 30–100 nm. They are released during both normal homeostasis as well as under pathological conditions by most cell types. In recent years, there has been robust interest in the study of these vesicles as conduits for the delivery of information between cells in both analogous as well as disparate tissues. Their ability to transport specialized cargo including signaling mediators, proteins, messenger RNA and miRNAs characterizes these vesicles as primary facilitators of cell-to-cell communication and regulation. Exosomes have also been demonstrated to have important roles in the field of cancer biology and metastasis. More recently, their role in several neurodegenerative disorders has been gaining increased momentum as these particles have been shown to promote the spread of toxic factors such as amyloid beta and prions, adding further validity to their role as important regulators of disease pathogenesis. This review briefly summarizes current findings and thoughts on exosome biology in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and the manipulation of these particles for the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
AB - Exosomes are membrane-enriched extracellular vesicles with a proposed diameter in the range of 30–100 nm. They are released during both normal homeostasis as well as under pathological conditions by most cell types. In recent years, there has been robust interest in the study of these vesicles as conduits for the delivery of information between cells in both analogous as well as disparate tissues. Their ability to transport specialized cargo including signaling mediators, proteins, messenger RNA and miRNAs characterizes these vesicles as primary facilitators of cell-to-cell communication and regulation. Exosomes have also been demonstrated to have important roles in the field of cancer biology and metastasis. More recently, their role in several neurodegenerative disorders has been gaining increased momentum as these particles have been shown to promote the spread of toxic factors such as amyloid beta and prions, adding further validity to their role as important regulators of disease pathogenesis. This review briefly summarizes current findings and thoughts on exosome biology in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and the manipulation of these particles for the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85008345718&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85008345718&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/cddis.2016.336
DO - 10.1038/cddis.2016.336
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27882942
AN - SCOPUS:85008345718
SN - 2041-4889
VL - 7
JO - Cell Death and Disease
JF - Cell Death and Disease
IS - 11
M1 - e2481
ER -