TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental sampling for disease surveillance
T2 - Recent advances and recommendations for best practice
AU - Santarpia, Joshua L.
AU - Klug, Elizabeth
AU - Ravnholdt, Ashley
AU - Kinahan, Sean M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Air & Waste Management Association.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - The study of infectious diseases includes both the progression of the disease in its host and how it transmits between hosts. Understanding disease transmission is important for recommending effective interventions, protecting healthcare workers, and informing an effective public health response. Sampling the environment for infectious diseases is critical to public health since it can provide an understanding of the mechanisms of transmission, characterization of contamination in hospitals and other public areas, and the spread of a disease within a community. Measurements of biological aerosols, particularly those that may cause disease, have been an ongoing topic of research for decades, and so a wide variety of technological solutions exist. This wide field of possibilities can create confusion, particularly when different approaches yield different answers. Therefore, guidelines for best practice in this area are important to allow more effective use of this data in public health decisions. This review examines air, surface and water/wastewater sampling methods, with a focus on aerosol sampling, and a goal of recommending approaches to designing and implementing sampling systems that may incorporate multiple strategies. This is accomplished by developing a framework for designing and evaluating a sampling strategy, reviewing current practices and emerging technologies for sampling and analysis, and recommending guidelines for best practice in the area of aerosol sampling for infectious disease.
AB - The study of infectious diseases includes both the progression of the disease in its host and how it transmits between hosts. Understanding disease transmission is important for recommending effective interventions, protecting healthcare workers, and informing an effective public health response. Sampling the environment for infectious diseases is critical to public health since it can provide an understanding of the mechanisms of transmission, characterization of contamination in hospitals and other public areas, and the spread of a disease within a community. Measurements of biological aerosols, particularly those that may cause disease, have been an ongoing topic of research for decades, and so a wide variety of technological solutions exist. This wide field of possibilities can create confusion, particularly when different approaches yield different answers. Therefore, guidelines for best practice in this area are important to allow more effective use of this data in public health decisions. This review examines air, surface and water/wastewater sampling methods, with a focus on aerosol sampling, and a goal of recommending approaches to designing and implementing sampling systems that may incorporate multiple strategies. This is accomplished by developing a framework for designing and evaluating a sampling strategy, reviewing current practices and emerging technologies for sampling and analysis, and recommending guidelines for best practice in the area of aerosol sampling for infectious disease.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85160180510&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85160180510&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/10962247.2023.2197825
DO - 10.1080/10962247.2023.2197825
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37224401
AN - SCOPUS:85160180510
SN - 1096-2247
VL - 73
SP - 434
EP - 461
JO - Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association
JF - Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association
IS - 6
ER -