TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental tobacco smoke exposure among casino dealers
AU - Achutan, Chandran
AU - West, Christine
AU - Mueller, Charles
AU - Bernert, John T.
AU - Bernard, Bruce
PY - 2011/4
Y1 - 2011/4
N2 - Objective: This study quantified casino dealers' occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Ets). Methods: We measured casino dealers' exposure to ETS components by analyzing full-shift air and preshift and postshift urine samples. Results: Casino dealers were exposed to nicotine, 4-vinyl pyridine, benzene, toluene, naphthalene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, solanesol, and respirable suspended particulates. Levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl) -1-butanol (NNAL) in urine increased significantly during an 8-hour work shift both with and without adjustment for creatinine clearance. Creatinine-unadjusted cotinine significantly increased during the 8-hour shift, but creatinine-adjusted cotinine did not increase significantly. Conclusions: Casino dealers at the three casinos were exposed to airborne ETS components and absorbed an ETS-specific component into their bodies, as demonstrated by detectable levels of urinary NNAL. The casinos should ban smoking on their premises and offer employee smoking cessation programs.
AB - Objective: This study quantified casino dealers' occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Ets). Methods: We measured casino dealers' exposure to ETS components by analyzing full-shift air and preshift and postshift urine samples. Results: Casino dealers were exposed to nicotine, 4-vinyl pyridine, benzene, toluene, naphthalene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, solanesol, and respirable suspended particulates. Levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl) -1-butanol (NNAL) in urine increased significantly during an 8-hour work shift both with and without adjustment for creatinine clearance. Creatinine-unadjusted cotinine significantly increased during the 8-hour shift, but creatinine-adjusted cotinine did not increase significantly. Conclusions: Casino dealers at the three casinos were exposed to airborne ETS components and absorbed an ETS-specific component into their bodies, as demonstrated by detectable levels of urinary NNAL. The casinos should ban smoking on their premises and offer employee smoking cessation programs.
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U2 - 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318212235f
DO - 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318212235f
M3 - Article
C2 - 21436733
AN - SCOPUS:79955057658
VL - 53
SP - 346
EP - 351
JO - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
SN - 1076-2752
IS - 4
ER -