TY - JOUR
T1 - Evidence for anti-viral effects of complete freund’s adjuvant in the mouse model of enterovirus infection
AU - Gangaplara, Arunakumar
AU - Massilamany, Chandirasegaran
AU - Lasrado, Ninaad
AU - Steffen, David
AU - Reddy, Jay
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by the Scientist Development Grant (09SDG2010237), the Transformational grant, the American Heart Association (18TPA34170206), and the National Institutes of Health (HL114669).
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) belonging to the genus, Enterovirus and contain six serotypes that induce various diseases, whose occurrence may involve the mediation of more than one serotype. We recently identified immunogenic epitopes within coxsackieviruses B3 (CVB3) viral protein 1 that induce anti-viral T cell responses in mouse models of CVB infections. In our investigations to determine the protective responses of the viral epitopes, we unexpectedly noted that animals immunized with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) alone and later challenged with CVB3 were completely protected against myocarditis. Similarly, the pancreatitis-inducing ability of CVB3 was remarkably reduced to only 10% in the CFA group as opposed to 73.3% in the control group that received no CFA. Additionally, no mortalities were noted in the CFA group, whereas 40% of control animals died during the course of 21 days post-infection with CVB3. Taken together, our data suggest that the adjuvant effects of CFA may be sufficient for protection against CVB infections. These observations may provide new insights into our understanding of the occurrence of viral infections.
AB - Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) belonging to the genus, Enterovirus and contain six serotypes that induce various diseases, whose occurrence may involve the mediation of more than one serotype. We recently identified immunogenic epitopes within coxsackieviruses B3 (CVB3) viral protein 1 that induce anti-viral T cell responses in mouse models of CVB infections. In our investigations to determine the protective responses of the viral epitopes, we unexpectedly noted that animals immunized with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) alone and later challenged with CVB3 were completely protected against myocarditis. Similarly, the pancreatitis-inducing ability of CVB3 was remarkably reduced to only 10% in the CFA group as opposed to 73.3% in the control group that received no CFA. Additionally, no mortalities were noted in the CFA group, whereas 40% of control animals died during the course of 21 days post-infection with CVB3. Taken together, our data suggest that the adjuvant effects of CFA may be sufficient for protection against CVB infections. These observations may provide new insights into our understanding of the occurrence of viral infections.
KW - Adjuvant
KW - BCG
KW - CFA
KW - Enterovirus
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U2 - 10.3390/vaccines8030364
DO - 10.3390/vaccines8030364
M3 - Article
C2 - 32645845
AN - SCOPUS:85087571862
VL - 8
SP - 1
EP - 9
JO - Vaccines
JF - Vaccines
SN - 2076-393X
IS - 3
M1 - 364
ER -