@article{1c3ee56a87994770b06d0d2b21791131,
title = "Evolution and diversification of lamprey antigen receptors: Evidence for involvement of an AID-APOBEC family cytosine deaminase",
abstract = "The variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) of jawless vertebrates such as lamprey and hagfish are composed of highly diverse modular leucine-rich repeats. Each lymphocyte assembles a unique VLR by rearrangement of the germline gene. In the lamprey genome, we identify here about 850 distinct cassettes encoding leucine-rich repeat modules that serve as sequence templates for the hypervariable VLR repertoires. The data indicate a gene conversion-like process in VLR diversification. Genomic analysis suggested a link between the VLR and platelet glycoprotein receptors. Lamprey lymphocytes express two putative deaminases of the AID-APOBEC family that may be involved in VLR diversification, as indicated by in vitro mutagenesis and recombination assays. Vertebrate acquired immunity could have therefore originated from lymphocyte receptor diversification by an ancestral AID-like DNA cytosine deaminase.",
author = "Rogozin, {Igor B.} and Iyer, {Lakshminarayan M.} and Lizhi Liang and Glazko, {Galina V.} and Liston, {Victoria G.} and Pavlov, {Youri I.} and L. Aravind and Zeev Pancer",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the Genome Sequencing Center at Washington University for public access to the lamprey genome sequences; E.R. Mardis for genomic DNA from the sea lamprey donor of the genome sequence project; S. Kozmin (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) for the E. coli Rosetta ung– strain, A. Lada (Saint Petersburg University in Russia) for helping measure PmCDA1-induction of recombination in yeast; and M.D. Cooper (University of Alabama at Birmingham), M.F. Flajnik (University of Maryland, Baltimore) and M. Diaz (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) for discussions. Supported by the National Library of Medicine–National Institutes of Health–Department of Health and Human Services Intramural Research Program (I.B.R., L.M.I. and L.A.) and the National Science Foundation (MCB-0614672 to Z.P.). This is contribution 07-165 from the Center of Marine Biotechnology.",
year = "2007",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1038/ni1463",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "8",
pages = "647--656",
journal = "Nature Immunology",
issn = "1529-2908",
publisher = "Nature Research",
number = "6",
}