TY - JOUR
T1 - Evolution and genetics of bighead and silver carps
T2 - Native population conservation versus invasive species control
AU - Lu, Guoqing
AU - Wang, Chenghui
AU - Zhao, Jinliang
AU - Liao, Xiaolin
AU - Wang, Jun
AU - Luo, Mingkun
AU - Zhu, Lifeng
AU - Bernatzhez, Louis
AU - Li, Sifa
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge J. Xu, Q. Yang, and many other students who were involved in this research program. We thank D. Chapmen for the hybrid fish and gill raker images and J. T. Lamer for the RAD‐Seq data. This research was made possible with funding support from the International Development and Research Centre (Canada), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number 30630051), the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant Number Y1101), and the National Science Foundation (DBI‐1919574). JW and ML acknowledge the scholarships from the China National Scholarship Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
PY - 2020/7/1
Y1 - 2020/7/1
N2 - Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix), collectively called bigheaded carps, are cyprinids native mainly to China and have been introduced to over 70 countries. Paleontological and molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrate bighead and silver carps originated from the Yangtze-Huanghe River basins and modern populations may have derived from the secondary contact of geographically isolated fish during the last glacial events. Significant genetic differences are found among populations of native rivers (Yangtze, Pearl, and Amur) as well as introduced/invasive environments (Mississippi R., USA and Danube R., Hungary), suggesting genetic backgrounds and ecological selection may play a role in population differentiation. Population divergence of bighead carp or silver carp has occurred within their native rivers, whereas, within the Mississippi River Basin (MRB)—an introduced region, such genetic differentiation is likely taking place at least in silver carp. Interspecific hybridization between silver and bighead carps is rare within their native regions; however, extensive hybridization is observed in the MRB, which could be contributed by a shift to a more homogenous environment that lacks reproductive isolation barriers for the restriction of gene flow between species. The wild populations of native bighead and silver carps have experienced dramatic declines; in contrast, the introduced bigheaded carps overpopulate the MRB and are considered two invasive species, which strongly suggests fishing capacity (overfishing and underfishing) be a decisive factor for fishery resource exploitation and management. This review provides not only a global perspective of evolutionary history and population divergence of bigheaded carps but also a forum that calls for international research collaborations to deal with critical issues related to native population conservation and invasive species control.
AB - Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix), collectively called bigheaded carps, are cyprinids native mainly to China and have been introduced to over 70 countries. Paleontological and molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrate bighead and silver carps originated from the Yangtze-Huanghe River basins and modern populations may have derived from the secondary contact of geographically isolated fish during the last glacial events. Significant genetic differences are found among populations of native rivers (Yangtze, Pearl, and Amur) as well as introduced/invasive environments (Mississippi R., USA and Danube R., Hungary), suggesting genetic backgrounds and ecological selection may play a role in population differentiation. Population divergence of bighead carp or silver carp has occurred within their native rivers, whereas, within the Mississippi River Basin (MRB)—an introduced region, such genetic differentiation is likely taking place at least in silver carp. Interspecific hybridization between silver and bighead carps is rare within their native regions; however, extensive hybridization is observed in the MRB, which could be contributed by a shift to a more homogenous environment that lacks reproductive isolation barriers for the restriction of gene flow between species. The wild populations of native bighead and silver carps have experienced dramatic declines; in contrast, the introduced bigheaded carps overpopulate the MRB and are considered two invasive species, which strongly suggests fishing capacity (overfishing and underfishing) be a decisive factor for fishery resource exploitation and management. This review provides not only a global perspective of evolutionary history and population divergence of bigheaded carps but also a forum that calls for international research collaborations to deal with critical issues related to native population conservation and invasive species control.
KW - bigheaded carps
KW - evolution
KW - invasive species control
KW - native population conservation
KW - natural hybridization
KW - population genetics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084514295&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85084514295&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/eva.12982
DO - 10.1111/eva.12982
M3 - Article
C2 - 32684963
AN - SCOPUS:85084514295
VL - 13
SP - 1351
EP - 1362
JO - Evolutionary Applications
JF - Evolutionary Applications
SN - 1752-4563
IS - 6
ER -