TY - JOUR
T1 - Evolution of geographical place and niche space
T2 - Patterns of diversification in the North American sedge (Cyperaceae) flora
AU - Spalink, Daniel
AU - Drew, Bryan T.
AU - Pace, Matthew C.
AU - Zaborsky, John G.
AU - Li, Pan
AU - Cameron, Kenneth M.
AU - Givnish, Thomas J.
AU - Sytsma, Kenneth J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by an NSF Dimensions of Biodiversity Grant to KMC, TJG, and KJS ( DEB-1046355 ), and an NSF DDIG to KJS and DS ( DDIG 1311153 ). Additional support was provided by an NSF graduate research fellowship, BSA and ASPT graduate student research grants, and a UW Department of Botany Flora Aeterna Fellowship and Davis Research grant to DS. We thank Donald Waller and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript, and Amelia Krug for contributing to lab work. We also thank WIS for allowing destructive sampling of specimens for DNA extraction, and the Consortium of Northeastern Herbaria (neherbaria.org), the Intermountain Regional Herbarium Network (intermountainbiota.org), KSC, SASK, and USCH for providing specimen locality data. This work constitutes a portion of the research conducted by DS to fulfill the requirements for a Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2016/2/1
Y1 - 2016/2/1
N2 - The role of geography and ecology in speciation are often discussed in the context of phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC), the propensity of lineages to retain ancestral niche related traits. However, a recent paradigm shift focuses instead on measuring divergence of these traits in conjunction with patterns of speciation. Under this framework, we analyzed the diversification of North America's third most diverse family, Cyperaceae ("sedges"), using a modified Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity approach to identify floristic regions and ordination statistics to quantify species distribution in a continuous manner. Utilizing over 200,000 georeferenced specimens, we characterized the geographical distribution and climatic and edaphic niche space occupied by each species. We constructed a supermatrix phylogeny of the North American sedge flora, aided in part by the sequencing of all sedges of Wisconsin, and employed a multifaceted approach to assess the role of geographical and ecological divergence on lineage diversification. In addition to measuring phylogenetic signal for these traits, we also measured pairwise phylogenetic distance of species within floristic regions, calculated rates of speciation, and tested for correlations of speciation rate to tempo of geographical and ecological evolution. Our analyses consistently show that evolutionarily related species tend to be geographically unrelated. Rates of geographical and ecological diversification are closely linked to tempo of speciation, and exploration of geographical place coincides with divergence in ecological niche space. We highlight the benefits of treating geography in a continuous manner, and stress the importance of employing a diverse suite of analytical approaches in testing hypotheses regarding the evolution of range and niche.
AB - The role of geography and ecology in speciation are often discussed in the context of phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC), the propensity of lineages to retain ancestral niche related traits. However, a recent paradigm shift focuses instead on measuring divergence of these traits in conjunction with patterns of speciation. Under this framework, we analyzed the diversification of North America's third most diverse family, Cyperaceae ("sedges"), using a modified Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity approach to identify floristic regions and ordination statistics to quantify species distribution in a continuous manner. Utilizing over 200,000 georeferenced specimens, we characterized the geographical distribution and climatic and edaphic niche space occupied by each species. We constructed a supermatrix phylogeny of the North American sedge flora, aided in part by the sequencing of all sedges of Wisconsin, and employed a multifaceted approach to assess the role of geographical and ecological divergence on lineage diversification. In addition to measuring phylogenetic signal for these traits, we also measured pairwise phylogenetic distance of species within floristic regions, calculated rates of speciation, and tested for correlations of speciation rate to tempo of geographical and ecological evolution. Our analyses consistently show that evolutionarily related species tend to be geographically unrelated. Rates of geographical and ecological diversification are closely linked to tempo of speciation, and exploration of geographical place coincides with divergence in ecological niche space. We highlight the benefits of treating geography in a continuous manner, and stress the importance of employing a diverse suite of analytical approaches in testing hypotheses regarding the evolution of range and niche.
KW - Biogeography
KW - Museum collections
KW - Phylogenetic niche conservatism
KW - Phylogenetic signal
KW - Range and niche evolution
KW - Rates of evolution
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.028
DO - 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.028
M3 - Article
C2 - 26702956
AN - SCOPUS:84954317141
SN - 1055-7903
VL - 95
SP - 183
EP - 195
JO - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
JF - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
ER -