TY - JOUR
T1 - Exogenous Progestogen and Estrogen Implicated in Birth Defects
AU - Nora, James J.
AU - Nora, Audrey H.
AU - Blu, Janet
AU - Ingram, Joy
AU - Fountain, Agnes
AU - Peterson, Marilyn
AU - Lortscher, Randall H.
AU - Kimberling, William J.
PY - 1978/9/1
Y1 - 1978/9/1
N2 - A five-year study of the possible teratogenicity of exogenous female sex hormones included three case-control studies and one cohort study. The first case-control study disclosed an estimated relative risk of 8.41 and a highly significant difference in maternal hormonal exposure (P<.001) between controls and infants with three major anomalies of the VACTERL group (V, vertebral; A, anal; C, cardiac; T, tracheal; E, esophageal; R, renal; and L, limb). Relative risk (RR) estimates of 5.58 (P=.017) and 3.35 (P<.001) were found in two case-control studies involving maternal hormonal exposure and patients with congenital heart lesions without other malformations. A controlled, single-blind prospective study disclosed an excess of patients with major malformations (RR=2.75), congenital heart anomalies (RR=6), and neurological and neural tube disorders preponderant in the presence of a precipitously declining exposure rate during a three-year period in our referral area.
AB - A five-year study of the possible teratogenicity of exogenous female sex hormones included three case-control studies and one cohort study. The first case-control study disclosed an estimated relative risk of 8.41 and a highly significant difference in maternal hormonal exposure (P<.001) between controls and infants with three major anomalies of the VACTERL group (V, vertebral; A, anal; C, cardiac; T, tracheal; E, esophageal; R, renal; and L, limb). Relative risk (RR) estimates of 5.58 (P=.017) and 3.35 (P<.001) were found in two case-control studies involving maternal hormonal exposure and patients with congenital heart lesions without other malformations. A controlled, single-blind prospective study disclosed an excess of patients with major malformations (RR=2.75), congenital heart anomalies (RR=6), and neurological and neural tube disorders preponderant in the presence of a precipitously declining exposure rate during a three-year period in our referral area.
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U2 - 10.1001/jama.1978.03290090031012
DO - 10.1001/jama.1978.03290090031012
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84944967690
SN - 0098-7484
VL - 240
SP - 837
EP - 843
JO - JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
JF - JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
IS - 9
ER -