TY - JOUR
T1 - Exosome engineering
T2 - Current progress in cargo loading and targeted delivery
AU - Fu, Shengyang
AU - Wang, Yi
AU - Xia, Xiaohuan
AU - Zheng, Jialin C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by research grants from the Major Research plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91949204 to JCZ), the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81830037 to JCZ), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program Grant No. 2014CB965001 to JCZ), the National Institutes of Health ( 1R01NS097195-01 to JCZ), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81901333 to XX), Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 19YF1451700 to XX) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81801063 to YW). We thank Jie Zhu, Yanyan Zhang, Drs. Ling Ye and Xinrui Qi for proofreading the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors
PY - 2020/10
Y1 - 2020/10
N2 - Exosomes, a class of small bilayer vesicles derived from virtually all eukaryotic cells, have been exploited as a promising natural delivery platform due to their low toxicity, excellent structural stability, nanoscale size, cargo loading ability, and editable surface structure. To load therapeutic or diagnostic cargos (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and nanomaterials) into exosomes, multiple techniques have been developed, such as incubating cargos with exosomes or exosome-secreting cells, transfection, physical treatments (sonication, electroporation, extrusion, freeze-thaw, surfactant treatment, and dialysis), and in situ synthesis. Moreover, homing-molecules with high receptor binding affinity, acidic milieu responsiveness, or magnetic properties have been assembled on exosomal surface by transfection or chemical modification, conferring the targeting capacity to exosomes. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, contents and functions of natural exosomes, and provide a comprehensive discussion for the strategies of exosomal cargo loading and membrane modification for targeted delivery.
AB - Exosomes, a class of small bilayer vesicles derived from virtually all eukaryotic cells, have been exploited as a promising natural delivery platform due to their low toxicity, excellent structural stability, nanoscale size, cargo loading ability, and editable surface structure. To load therapeutic or diagnostic cargos (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and nanomaterials) into exosomes, multiple techniques have been developed, such as incubating cargos with exosomes or exosome-secreting cells, transfection, physical treatments (sonication, electroporation, extrusion, freeze-thaw, surfactant treatment, and dialysis), and in situ synthesis. Moreover, homing-molecules with high receptor binding affinity, acidic milieu responsiveness, or magnetic properties have been assembled on exosomal surface by transfection or chemical modification, conferring the targeting capacity to exosomes. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, contents and functions of natural exosomes, and provide a comprehensive discussion for the strategies of exosomal cargo loading and membrane modification for targeted delivery.
KW - Cargo
KW - Exosome
KW - Nanomaterial
KW - Surface modification
KW - Targeted delivery
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U2 - 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100261
DO - 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100261
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85092448468
VL - 20
JO - NanoImpact
JF - NanoImpact
SN - 2452-0748
M1 - 100261
ER -