Abstract
This chapter introduces the principle of forward osmosis processes for desalination (FOD) and historical evolution of desalination technologies from reverse osmosis (RO) to FO, followed by an in-depth presentation of different case studies on FOD processes. Several case studies discuss important achievements in and engineering challenges and commercialization of the FOD process. One case study is about wastewater reclamation with FO and Red Sea seawater. In this case, the first objective was to achieve a new design for efficient FO configuration; the second objective was to study feed waters and draw solutions to achieve an optimal coupling of FO and RO. To achieve the objectives, a custom-made plate and frame configuration for the membranes was designed, implemented, and studied. The chapter summarizes FO operating conditions, performance, and key issues related to design/management, future trends, and research directions of FO for desalination.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Forward Osmosis |
Subtitle of host publication | Fundamentals and Applications |
Publisher | American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) |
Pages | 303-338 |
Number of pages | 36 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780784479230 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780784414071 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2015 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Engineering
- General Environmental Science