TY - JOUR
T1 - From chemo-prevention to epigenetic regulation
T2 - The role of isothiocyanates in skin cancer prevention
AU - Mitsiogianni, Melina
AU - Amery, Tom
AU - Franco, Rodrigo
AU - Zoumpourlis, Vasilis
AU - Pappa, Aglaia
AU - Panayiotidis, Mihalis I.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by start-up funds (Prof. Panayiotidis) including a PhD studentship (Mrs. Mitsiogianni) provided by the Multi-Disciplinary Research Theme (MDRT) in “Bio-economy” of Northumbria University (UNN).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2018/10
Y1 - 2018/10
N2 - Skin cancer incidence is rapidly growing over the last decades and is generally divided into malignant melanoma and non-melanoma (NMSC) with the latter being subdivided into squamous (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Among them, melanoma is the most aggressive type with high mortality rates. On the other hand, aberrant gene expression is a critical step towards malignant transformation. To this end, epigenetic modifications like changes in DNA methylation patterns and miRNA expression profile as well as histone modifications are all capable of inducing an altered gene expression profile involved in various cellular cascades including cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. In general, there is an interest about the beneficiary effect of various phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of skin malignancies. Among them, glucosinolates are an important type of compounds, abundant in cruciferous vegetables, which are hydrolysed by an endogenous enzyme called myrosinase to a range of bioactive compounds including isothiocyanates (ITCs). These are the major biologically active products capable of mediating the anti-cancer effect of cruciferous vegetables. Their chemo-preventive action is mainly attributed to a plurality of anti-cancer properties including regulation of the epigenetic machinery. Current evidence supports the view that ITCs are potent compounds in interacting with the epigenome in order to restore the normal epigenetic landscape in malignant cells. This review article summarizes the current state of knowledge on the epigenetic modifications that lead to malignant transformation and the role of ITCs with respect to their ability to restore the epigenetic landscape that contributes to skin carcinogenesis.
AB - Skin cancer incidence is rapidly growing over the last decades and is generally divided into malignant melanoma and non-melanoma (NMSC) with the latter being subdivided into squamous (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Among them, melanoma is the most aggressive type with high mortality rates. On the other hand, aberrant gene expression is a critical step towards malignant transformation. To this end, epigenetic modifications like changes in DNA methylation patterns and miRNA expression profile as well as histone modifications are all capable of inducing an altered gene expression profile involved in various cellular cascades including cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. In general, there is an interest about the beneficiary effect of various phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of skin malignancies. Among them, glucosinolates are an important type of compounds, abundant in cruciferous vegetables, which are hydrolysed by an endogenous enzyme called myrosinase to a range of bioactive compounds including isothiocyanates (ITCs). These are the major biologically active products capable of mediating the anti-cancer effect of cruciferous vegetables. Their chemo-preventive action is mainly attributed to a plurality of anti-cancer properties including regulation of the epigenetic machinery. Current evidence supports the view that ITCs are potent compounds in interacting with the epigenome in order to restore the normal epigenetic landscape in malignant cells. This review article summarizes the current state of knowledge on the epigenetic modifications that lead to malignant transformation and the role of ITCs with respect to their ability to restore the epigenetic landscape that contributes to skin carcinogenesis.
KW - Basal cell carcinoma
KW - Chemoprevention
KW - Epigenetic regulation
KW - Isothiocyanates
KW - Melanoma
KW - Non-melanoma skin cancer
KW - Skin cancer
KW - Squamous cell carcinoma
KW - Sulforaphane
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85048352079&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85048352079&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.001
DO - 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29890115
AN - SCOPUS:85048352079
SN - 0163-7258
VL - 190
SP - 187
EP - 201
JO - Pharmacology and Therapeutics
JF - Pharmacology and Therapeutics
ER -