TY - JOUR
T1 - Gain-of-function pathogenic variants in SMAD4 are associated with neoplasia in Myhre syndrome
AU - Lin, Angela E.
AU - Alali, Abdulrazak
AU - Starr, Lois J.
AU - Shah, Nidhi
AU - Beavis, Anna
AU - Pereira, Elaine M.
AU - Lindsay, Mark E.
AU - Klugman, Susan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2020/2/1
Y1 - 2020/2/1
N2 - Myhre syndrome is an increasingly diagnosed rare syndrome that is caused by one of two specific heterozygous gain-of-function pathogenic variants in SMAD4. The phenotype includes short stature, characteristic facial appearance, hearing loss, laryngotracheal stenosis, arthritis, skeletal abnormalities, learning and social challenges, distinctive cardiovascular defects, and a striking fibroproliferative response in the ear canals, airways, and serosal cavities (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is usually prompted by the characteristic appearance with developmental delay and autistic-like behavior using targeted gene sequencing or by whole exome sequencing. We describe six patients (two not previously reported) with molecularly confirmed Myhre syndrome and neoplasia. Loss-of-function pathogenic variants in SMAD4 cause juvenile polyposis syndrome and we hypothesize that the gain-of-function pathogenic variants observed in Myhre syndrome may contribute to neoplasia in the patients reported herein. The frequency of neoplasia (9.8%, 6/61) in this series (two new, four reported patients) and endometrial cancer (8.8%, 3/34, mean age 40 years) in patients with Myhre syndrome, raises the possibility of cancer susceptibility in these patients. We alert clinicians to the possibility of detecting this syndrome when cancer screening panels are used. We propose that patients with Myhre syndrome are more susceptible to neoplasia, encourage increased awareness, and suggest enhanced clinical monitoring.
AB - Myhre syndrome is an increasingly diagnosed rare syndrome that is caused by one of two specific heterozygous gain-of-function pathogenic variants in SMAD4. The phenotype includes short stature, characteristic facial appearance, hearing loss, laryngotracheal stenosis, arthritis, skeletal abnormalities, learning and social challenges, distinctive cardiovascular defects, and a striking fibroproliferative response in the ear canals, airways, and serosal cavities (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is usually prompted by the characteristic appearance with developmental delay and autistic-like behavior using targeted gene sequencing or by whole exome sequencing. We describe six patients (two not previously reported) with molecularly confirmed Myhre syndrome and neoplasia. Loss-of-function pathogenic variants in SMAD4 cause juvenile polyposis syndrome and we hypothesize that the gain-of-function pathogenic variants observed in Myhre syndrome may contribute to neoplasia in the patients reported herein. The frequency of neoplasia (9.8%, 6/61) in this series (two new, four reported patients) and endometrial cancer (8.8%, 3/34, mean age 40 years) in patients with Myhre syndrome, raises the possibility of cancer susceptibility in these patients. We alert clinicians to the possibility of detecting this syndrome when cancer screening panels are used. We propose that patients with Myhre syndrome are more susceptible to neoplasia, encourage increased awareness, and suggest enhanced clinical monitoring.
KW - Myhre syndrome
KW - SMAD4 pathogenic variants
KW - cancer
KW - endometrial carcinoma
KW - oncogene
KW - transforming growth factor-beta signaling
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U2 - 10.1002/ajmg.a.61430
DO - 10.1002/ajmg.a.61430
M3 - Article
C2 - 31837202
AN - SCOPUS:85076720790
SN - 1552-4825
VL - 182
SP - 328
EP - 337
JO - American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A
JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part A
IS - 2
ER -