Glomerular diseases associated with HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C infections

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are sexually and blood-borne transmitted viruses that can cause chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our understanding of the glomerular diseases associated with these viruses has evolved over the last decade with the introduction of more effective antiviral therapies. Due to antiviral treatments, infected individuals are living longer and manifesting long-term complications of the infections including chronic kidney disease. The three viruses and at times their treatments are associated with specific renal changes. Therefore, a clinical approach for each viral infection must include controlling disease burden, slowing the advancement of CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or functionally or physically replacing the kidneys with dialysis or transplant.