TY - JOUR
T1 - Head impact exposure in male and female collegiate ice hockey players
AU - Wilcox, Bethany J.
AU - Beckwith, Jonathan G.
AU - Greenwald, Richard M.
AU - Chu, Jeffrey J.
AU - McAllister, Thomas W.
AU - Flashman, Laura A.
AU - Maerlender, Arthur C.
AU - Duhaime, Ann Christine
AU - Crisco, Joseph J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences at the National Institute of Health under Award nos. R01HD048638 , R25GM083270 and R25GM083270-S1 and the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. We gratefully acknowledge and thank the engineering team at Simbex for all of their technical support. We would like to thank Lindley Brainard and Wendy Chamberlin at Simbex for their role in data collection and clinical coordination. We would also like to thank Russell Fiore, M.Ed., A.T.C, Emily Burmeister M.S., A.T.C, and Brian Daigneault, M.S., A.T.C at Brown University; as well as Jeff Frechette, A.T.C., and Tracey Poro, A.T.C., Dartmouth College Sports Medicine and Mary Hynes, R.N., M.P.H. Dartmouth Medical School for their support on this project.
PY - 2014/1/3
Y1 - 2014/1/3
N2 - The purpose of this study was to quantify head impact exposure (frequency, location and magnitude of head impacts) for individual male and female collegiate ice hockey players and to investigate differences in exposure by sex, player position, session type, and team. Ninety-nine (41 male, 58 female) players were enrolled and 37,411 impacts were recorded over three seasons. Frequency of impacts varied significantly by sex (males: 287 per season, females: 170, p<0.001) and helmet impact location (p<0.001), but not by player position (p=0.088). Head impact frequency also varied by session type; both male and female players sustained more impacts in games than in practices (p<0.001), however the magnitude of impacts did not differ between session types. There was no difference in 95th percentile peak linear acceleration between sexes (males: 41.6g, females: 40.8g), but 95th percentile peak rotational acceleration and HITsp (a composite severity measure) were greater for males than females (4424, 3409rad/s2, and 25.6, 22.3, respectively). Impacts to the back of the helmet resulted in the greatest 95th percentile peak linear accelerations for males (45.2g) and females (50.4g), while impacts to the side and back of the head were associated with the greatest 95th percentile peak rotational accelerations (males: 4719, 4256rad/sec2, females: 3567, 3784rad/sec2 respectively). It has been proposed that reducing an individual's head impact exposure is a practical approach for reducing the risk of brain injuries. Strategies to decrease an individual athlete's exposure need to be sport and gender specific, with considerations for team and session type.
AB - The purpose of this study was to quantify head impact exposure (frequency, location and magnitude of head impacts) for individual male and female collegiate ice hockey players and to investigate differences in exposure by sex, player position, session type, and team. Ninety-nine (41 male, 58 female) players were enrolled and 37,411 impacts were recorded over three seasons. Frequency of impacts varied significantly by sex (males: 287 per season, females: 170, p<0.001) and helmet impact location (p<0.001), but not by player position (p=0.088). Head impact frequency also varied by session type; both male and female players sustained more impacts in games than in practices (p<0.001), however the magnitude of impacts did not differ between session types. There was no difference in 95th percentile peak linear acceleration between sexes (males: 41.6g, females: 40.8g), but 95th percentile peak rotational acceleration and HITsp (a composite severity measure) were greater for males than females (4424, 3409rad/s2, and 25.6, 22.3, respectively). Impacts to the back of the helmet resulted in the greatest 95th percentile peak linear accelerations for males (45.2g) and females (50.4g), while impacts to the side and back of the head were associated with the greatest 95th percentile peak rotational accelerations (males: 4719, 4256rad/sec2, females: 3567, 3784rad/sec2 respectively). It has been proposed that reducing an individual's head impact exposure is a practical approach for reducing the risk of brain injuries. Strategies to decrease an individual athlete's exposure need to be sport and gender specific, with considerations for team and session type.
KW - Concussion
KW - Gender
KW - Hockey
KW - Impact biomechanics
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.004
DO - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 24210478
AN - SCOPUS:84890860216
SN - 0021-9290
VL - 47
SP - 109
EP - 114
JO - Journal of Biomechanics
JF - Journal of Biomechanics
IS - 1
ER -