Heparin's roles in stabilizing, potentiating, and transporting LEDGF into the nucleus

N. Fatma, D. P. Singh, T. Shinohara, Jr Chylack

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

36 Scopus citations

Abstract

PURPOSE. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) is a 60-kDa protein that dramatically enhances cellular survival, growth, adhesiveness, and resistance to heat and oxidative stress. Full-size recombinant LEDGF is degraded during prokaryotic preparation. Heparin's capacity to stabilize recombinant LEDGF in the face of various stresses (heat, pH, proteolysis), to potentiate its growth-enhancing properties, and to enable transport of LEDGF into the nucleus of mouse lens epithelial cells has been characterized. METHODS. LEDGF-cDNA was cloned in a pGEX-2T expression vector to produce a fusion protein, GST-LEDGF. Porcine heparin was used to stabilize GST-LEDGF. Heparin-Sepharose was used to characterize heparin-GST-LEDGF binding, and GST-LEDGF or heparin-GST-LEDGF was used to quantitate heparin's stabilization of LEDGF in the face of heat, pH, and proteolytic stresses. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled GST-LEDGF and heparin-GST-LEDGF were incubated with cultured mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs). Fluorescence microscopy and immunostaining techniques were used to monitor heparin's potentiation of LEDGF's growth stimulation and heparin's role in the translocation of GST-LEDGF from the extracellular space into the cytoplasm and nucleus. RESULTS. Heparin, at concentrations as low as 7.1 mg/ml, protected GST-LEDGF from degradation and increased the yield of the full-size fusion protein in a prokaryotic system. It also protected GST-LEDGF from heat, acid-base deactivation, and proteolytic degradation with trypsin and chymotrypsin and greatly potentiated LEDGF's enhancement of mouse LEC growth in culture. It also increased nuclear uptake of exogenous GST-LEDGF and endogenous LEDGF. CONCLUSIONS. Heparin protected GST-LEDGF from degradation under various stress conditions and facilitated transport of GST-LEDGF into the nucleus.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2648-2657
Number of pages10
JournalInvestigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
Volume41
Issue number9
StatePublished - 2000
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Ophthalmology
  • Sensory Systems
  • Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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