TY - JOUR
T1 - High infection rates for adult macaques after intravaginal or intrarectal inoculation with zika virus
AU - Haddow, Andrew D.
AU - Nalca, Aysegul
AU - Rossi, Franco D.
AU - Miller, Lynn J.
AU - Wiley, Michael R.
AU - Perez-Sautu, Unai
AU - Washington, Samuel C.
AU - Norris, Sarah L.
AU - Wollen-Roberts, Suzanne E.
AU - Shamblin, Joshua D.
AU - Kimmel, Adrienne E.
AU - Bloomfield, Holly A.
AU - Valdez, Stephanie M.
AU - Sprague, Thomas R.
AU - Principe, Lucia M.
AU - Bellanca, Stephanie A.
AU - Cinkovich, Stephanie S.
AU - Lugo-Roman, Luis
AU - Cazares, Lisa H.
AU - Pratt, William D.
AU - Palacios, Gustavo F.
AU - Bavari, Sina
AU - Pitt, M. Louise
AU - Nasar, Farooq
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Robert Tesh and Scott Weaver for providing the ArD 41525 isolate of Zika virus. This study was supported by a grant from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the US Department of Defense or the US Army. Dr. Haddow is a medical entomologist at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD. His primary interests are emerging vectorborne and zoonotic pathogens.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/8
Y1 - 2017/8
N2 - Unprotected sexual intercourse between persons residing in or traveling from regions with Zika virus transmission is a risk factor for infection. To model risk for infection after sexual intercourse, we inoculated rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with Zika virus by intravaginal or intrarectal routes. In macaques inoculated intravaginally, we detected viremia and virus RNA in 50% of macaques, followed by seroconversion. In macaques inoculated intrarectally, we detected viremia, virus RNA, or both, in 100% of both species, followed by seroconversion. The magnitude and duration of infectious virus in the blood of macaques suggest humans infected with Zika virus through sexual transmission will likely generate viremias sufficient to infect competent mosquito vectors. Our results indicate that transmission of Zika virus by sexual intercourse might serve as a virus maintenance mechanism in the absence of mosquito-to-human transmission and could increase the probability of establishment and spread of Zika virus in regions where this virus is not present.
AB - Unprotected sexual intercourse between persons residing in or traveling from regions with Zika virus transmission is a risk factor for infection. To model risk for infection after sexual intercourse, we inoculated rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with Zika virus by intravaginal or intrarectal routes. In macaques inoculated intravaginally, we detected viremia and virus RNA in 50% of macaques, followed by seroconversion. In macaques inoculated intrarectally, we detected viremia, virus RNA, or both, in 100% of both species, followed by seroconversion. The magnitude and duration of infectious virus in the blood of macaques suggest humans infected with Zika virus through sexual transmission will likely generate viremias sufficient to infect competent mosquito vectors. Our results indicate that transmission of Zika virus by sexual intercourse might serve as a virus maintenance mechanism in the absence of mosquito-to-human transmission and could increase the probability of establishment and spread of Zika virus in regions where this virus is not present.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85021351869&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85021351869&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3201/eid2308.170036
DO - 10.3201/eid2308.170036
M3 - Article
C2 - 28548637
AN - SCOPUS:85021351869
SN - 1080-6040
VL - 23
SP - 1274
EP - 1281
JO - Emerging Infectious Diseases
JF - Emerging Infectious Diseases
IS - 8
ER -