HIV-1 infected mononuclear phagocyte secretory products affect neuronal physiology leading to cellular demise: Relevance for HIV-1-associated dementia

Huangui Xiong, Yong Chun Zeng, Travis Lewis, Jialin Zheng, Yuri Persidsky, Howard E. Gendelman

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

78 Scopus citations

Abstract

Viral and cellular products from HIV-1-infected and/or immune competent mononuclear phagocytes (MP) (brain macrophages and microglia) affect neuronal function during HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). Neurotoxic MP factors include, but are not limited to, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, platelet activating factor, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, nitric oxide, progeny virions and viral structural and regulatory proteins. The mechanisms for immune-mediated neural injury in HAD, only now, are being unraveled. In this regard, we reviewed the current knowledge of how postmitotic neurons, which can neither divide nor be replaced, are damaged by MP secretory activities. Linking neuronal function with brain MP activation was made possible by placing viral and/or immune products onto neurons and measuring cell signaling events or through ex vivo electrophysiological tests on MP-treated brain slices. Such linkages are shown, in this report, by select demonstrations of MP factors which cause neuronal dysfunction in HAD.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)S14-S23
JournalJournal of neurovirology
Volume6
Issue numberSUPPL. 1
StatePublished - 2000

Keywords

  • Chemokines
  • Cytokines
  • HIV-1
  • HIV-1-associated dementia
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Viral structural and regulatory proteins

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Neurology
  • Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
  • Virology

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