@article{6e52877cbe764bcb84df0579f19ea656,
title = "Human Norovirus Cultivation in Nontransformed Stem Cell-Derived Human Intestinal Enteroid Cultures: Success and Challenges",
abstract = "Noroviruses, in the genus Norovirus, are a significant cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals. For almost 50 years, the lack of a cultivation system for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) was a major barrier to understanding virus biology and the development of effective antiviral strategies. This review presents a historical perspective of the development of a cultivation system for HuNoVs in human intestinal epithelial cell cultures. Successful cultivation was based on the discovery of genetically-encoded host factors required for infection, knowledge of the site of infection in humans, and advances in the cultivation of human intestinal epithelial cells achieved by developmental and stem cell biologists. The human stem cell-derived enteroid cultivation system recapitulates the multicellular, physiologically active human intestinal epithelium, and allows studies of virus-specific replication requirements, evaluation of human host-pathogen interactions, and supports the pre-clinical assessment of methods to prevent and treat HuNoV infections.",
keywords = "Human norovirus cultivation, Intestinal enteroids/organoids, Virus neutralization and inactivation",
author = "Estes, {Mary K.} and Khalil Ettayebi and Tenge, {Victoria R.} and Kosuke Murakami and Umesh Karandikar and Lin, {Shih Ching} and Ayyar, {B. Vijayalakshmi} and Cortes-Penfield, {Nicolas W.} and Kei Haga and Neill, {Frederick H.} and Opekun, {Antone R.} and Broughman, {James R.} and Zeng, {Xi Lei} and Blutt, {Sarah E.} and Crawford, {Sue E.} and Sasirekha Ramani and Graham, {David Y.} and Atmar, {Robert L.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments: We thank the Advanced Technology Core Laboratories (Baylor College of Medicine), specifically the Integrated Microscopy Core, The Flow Cytometry Core, and The Functional Genomics Core with funding from NIH (CA125123) for their support and help with our research projects related to norovirus cultivation. We are grateful for discussions and collaborations with laboratories who are using the enteroid cultivation system and have shared their experience with us to help further optimize the system. Funding Information: Funding: Research on HuNoV cultivation in human intestinal enteroid cultures was funded in part by Public Health Service grants from the National Institutes of Health for grants P01 AI 057788 (to MKE) and P30 DK 056338 (to H. El-Serag), which supports the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center, and the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant 2011-68003-30395 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Viruses 2019. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
doi = "10.3390/v11070638",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "11",
journal = "Viruses",
issn = "1999-4915",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "7",
}