TY - JOUR
T1 - Individual differences in social referencing
AU - Blackford, Jennifer Urbano
AU - Walden, Tedra A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgment: The first author was supported by a training grant from the NICHD T32HD07226. The researchw as supportedi n part by grant BNS-9109634 from the National Science Foundation. This research was completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Vanderbilt University by Jennifer Urban0 Blackford. Portions of thesed ata were presenteda t the Conference on Human Development, Pittsburgh, PA, 1994.W e thank the following individuals for their assistancei n data collection and coding: Jennifer Sinex, Linda Knieps, Tamra Ogan, and Ann Holmes. Thanks also to Hill Goldsmith for his advice regarding the mea-suremento f temperament.
PY - 1998
Y1 - 1998
N2 - The present study investigated the relation between individual differences in temperamental fear and referencing, affect and behavior regulation, and quality of parent messages in two groups of infants (younger, 11 to 15 months; older, 16 to 22 months). Fifty-five infants participated with a parent in a laboratory social referencing situation, involving two message conditions (positive/fearful). Temperamental fear was assessed by parent report. Quality of parents' messages was influenced by temperamental fear, with parents providing higher quality positive and lower quality fearful messages to high fear boys. Temperamental fear and regulation were related in the younger group of infants, with infants classified as low fear demonstrating affect and behavior regulation. Gender was related to affect regulation across both age groups; girls showed regulation, whereas boys did not. These findings indicated that individual differences in temperament are related to regulation and parents' messages, but not to child looking at parents.
AB - The present study investigated the relation between individual differences in temperamental fear and referencing, affect and behavior regulation, and quality of parent messages in two groups of infants (younger, 11 to 15 months; older, 16 to 22 months). Fifty-five infants participated with a parent in a laboratory social referencing situation, involving two message conditions (positive/fearful). Temperamental fear was assessed by parent report. Quality of parents' messages was influenced by temperamental fear, with parents providing higher quality positive and lower quality fearful messages to high fear boys. Temperamental fear and regulation were related in the younger group of infants, with infants classified as low fear demonstrating affect and behavior regulation. Gender was related to affect regulation across both age groups; girls showed regulation, whereas boys did not. These findings indicated that individual differences in temperament are related to regulation and parents' messages, but not to child looking at parents.
KW - Behavior regulation
KW - Emotion regulation
KW - Parent-infant interaction
KW - Social referencing
KW - Temperament
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U2 - 10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90056-X
DO - 10.1016/S0163-6383(98)90056-X
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0008634484
SN - 0163-6383
VL - 21
SP - 89
EP - 102
JO - Infant Behavior and Development
JF - Infant Behavior and Development
IS - 1
ER -