@article{f0b4f713aee94574a5b10e2805d1cad9,
title = "Influence of Irrigation on Diurnal Mesoscale Circulations: Results From GRAINEX",
abstract = "In order to understand the impact of irrigation on weather and climate, the 2018 Great Plains Irrigation Experiment collected comprehensive observations straddling irrigated and non-irrigated regions in southeast Nebraska. Using these observations, we examine how irrigation affects diurnal terrain-generated slope circulations, specifically the slope wind. We find that irrigation applied to upslope regions of gently sloping terrain reduces terrain-induced baroclinicity and the associated pressure gradient force by up to two-thirds. This leads to the reduction in the afternoon and evening upslope wind and is supported through comparisons to the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh operational model, which does not explicitly account for irrigation. Additionally, the presence of irrigation decreases daytime sensible heat flux (Bowen ratio reduced 40% compared to non-irrigated regions), weakening turbulent transport of momentum. Modifications to the terrain-forced circulation by irrigation has the potential to affect moisture transport and thus cloud and precipitation formation over the Great Plains.",
keywords = "GRAINEX, Great Plains, boundary layer, irrigation, mesoscale circulation, slope wind",
author = "Phillips, {C. E.} and Nair, {U. S.} and R. Mahmood and E. Rappin and Pielke, {R. A.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research is funded by the NSF grants AGS‐1853390 (R. Mahmood and E. Rappin), AGS‐1720477 (U. S. Nair and C. E. Phillips), and AGS‐1552487 (R. A. Pielke Sr.) as part of GRAINEX. We also thank the Center for Severe Weather Research (CSWR), the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and the Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) for their work to collect observations during the GRAINEX campaign. We acknowledge the use of imagery from NASA's GOES 16 satellite hosted on Amazon Web Services ( https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-goes/ ). We thank Jennifer Geary for help with figure composition. We also thank our reviewers for their time and many suggestions that improved this manuscript. Funding Information: This research is funded by the NSF grants AGS-1853390 (R. Mahmood and E. Rappin), AGS-1720477 (U. S. Nair and C. E. Phillips), and AGS-1552487 (R. A. Pielke Sr.) as part of GRAINEX. We also thank the Center for Severe Weather Research (CSWR), the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and the Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) for their work to collect observations during the GRAINEX campaign. We acknowledge the use of imagery from NASA's GOES 16 satellite hosted on Amazon Web Services (https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-goes/). We thank Jennifer Geary for help with figure composition. We also thank our reviewers for their time and many suggestions that improved this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Authors.",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1029/2021GL096822",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "49",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "7",
}