@article{d3a699fddfb94c32aea577df66213ece,
title = "Informative array testing with multiplex assays",
abstract = "High-volume testing of clinical specimens for sexually transmitted diseases is performed frequently by a process known as group testing. This algorithmic process involves testing portions of specimens from separate individuals together as one unit (or “group”) to detect diseases. Retesting is performed on groups that test positively in order to differentiate between positive and negative individual specimens. The overall goal is to use the least number of tests possible across all individuals without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy. One of the most efficient group testing algorithms is array testing. In its simplest form, specimens are arranged into a grid-like structure so that row and column groups can be formed. Positive-testing rows/columns indicate which specimens to retest. With the growing use of multiplex assays, the increasing number of diseases tested by these assays, and the availability of subject-specific risk information, opportunities exist to make this testing process even more efficient. We propose specific specimen arrangements within an array that can reduce the number of retests needed when compared with other array testing algorithms. We examine how to calculate operating characteristics, including the expected number of tests and the SD for the number of tests, and then subsequently find a best arrangement. Our methods are illustrated for chlamydia and gonorrhea detection with the Aptima Combo 2 Assay. We also provide R functions to make our research accessible to laboratories.",
keywords = "group testing, pooled testing, sensitivity, sexually transmitted disease, specificity, specimen pooling",
author = "Bilder, {Christopher R.} and Tebbs, {Joshua M.} and McMahan, {Christopher S.}",
note = "Funding Information: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, R01 AI121351; National Science Foundation, OIA‐1826715; Office of Naval Research, N00014‐19‐1‐2295 Funding information Funding Information: The authors thank Jeffrey Benfer and Kristopher Eveland at the State Hygienic Laboratory at the University of Iowa, Elizabeth Torrone at the CDC, and Barbara Weberman and Bonnie Carter at the Oakland County Health Division for their discussions and interest to improve group testing. The authors also thank Cardea Services and the state public health laboratories in Idaho and Oregon for providing access to their testing data. Finally, the authors thank the referees for their comments to improve the paper. This research was supported by Grant R01 AI121351 from the National Institutes of Health, Grant OIA‐1826715 from the National Science Foundation, and Grant N00014‐19‐1‐2295 from the Office of Naval Research. Funding Information: information National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, R01 AI121351; National Science Foundation, OIA-1826715; Office of Naval Research, N00014-19-1-2295The authors thank Jeffrey Benfer and Kristopher Eveland at the State Hygienic Laboratory at the University of Iowa, Elizabeth Torrone at the CDC, and Barbara Weberman and Bonnie Carter at the Oakland County Health Division for their discussions and interest to improve group testing. The authors also thank Cardea Services and the state public health laboratories in Idaho and Oregon for providing access to their testing data. Finally, the authors thank the referees for their comments to improve the paper. This research was supported by Grant R01 AI121351 from the National Institutes of Health, Grant OIA-1826715 from the National Science Foundation, and Grant N00014-19-1-2295 from the Office of Naval Research. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1002/sim.8954",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "40",
pages = "3021--3034",
journal = "Statistics in Medicine",
issn = "0277-6715",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",
number = "13",
}