TY - JOUR
T1 - Integrated analysis of chain orientation induced anisotropy in nanoimprinted PVDF based copolymers
AU - Qian, Wen
AU - Sun, Shuo
AU - Johnson, Tyler J.
AU - Nguyen, Charles
AU - Ducharme, Stephen
AU - Turner, Joseph A.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Jingfeng Song for the help in acquiring the AFM image of Fig. 1 a. Manufacturing and characterization analysis were performed at the NanoEngineering Research Core Facility (NERCF), which is partially funded by the Nebraska Research Initiative. This work was supported by the Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research and by the Nebraska Research Initiative.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/1/17
Y1 - 2022/1/17
N2 - Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers are electrically active materials that have the ability to harvest mechanical energy through mechanical vibrations and structural flexing. Due to the inherent nanoscale dependency of the molecular structure of PVDF copolymer, efficient methods for investigating the effects of chain orientation on its localized nanomechanical properties are very limited. In this manuscript, we use infrared atomic force microscope (IR-AFM), contact-resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to reveal the correlations between localized molecular vibration, anisotropy, and the corresponding dynamic nanomechanical properties. IR-AFM is able to probe the chain orientation of the PVDF copolymer and CR-AFM is able to resolve the in-plane anisotropy along the axis of the polymer chain. The combination of these techniques can provide a quick, effective, nondestructive method to reveal the formation mechanisms, which could lead to optimization of the electroactive polymer organization.
AB - Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers are electrically active materials that have the ability to harvest mechanical energy through mechanical vibrations and structural flexing. Due to the inherent nanoscale dependency of the molecular structure of PVDF copolymer, efficient methods for investigating the effects of chain orientation on its localized nanomechanical properties are very limited. In this manuscript, we use infrared atomic force microscope (IR-AFM), contact-resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to reveal the correlations between localized molecular vibration, anisotropy, and the corresponding dynamic nanomechanical properties. IR-AFM is able to probe the chain orientation of the PVDF copolymer and CR-AFM is able to resolve the in-plane anisotropy along the axis of the polymer chain. The combination of these techniques can provide a quick, effective, nondestructive method to reveal the formation mechanisms, which could lead to optimization of the electroactive polymer organization.
KW - Anisotropy
KW - Chain orientation
KW - Localized mechanical property
KW - Localized molecular vibration
KW - PVDF
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U2 - 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124435
DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124435
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85121299130
SN - 0032-3861
VL - 239
JO - Polymer
JF - Polymer
M1 - 124435
ER -